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Breakfast-Based Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Tehranian Adults
Zahra Akbarzade,Saba Mohammadpour,Kurosh Djafarian,Cain C. T. Clark,Parivash Ghorbaninejad,Maryam Mohtashami,Sakineh Shab-Bidar 대한비만학회 2020 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.29 No.3
Background: Breakfast is an important meal of the day that contributes to an overall healthy dietary pattern, better nutrient intake, and diet quality. This study sought to investigate the relationship between breakfast patterns and general and central obesity among middle-aged adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 840 apparently healthy women and men, aged 20–59 years, we assessed usual dietary intake by means of three 24-hour dietary recalls and we took anthropometric measurements. Dietary patterns were subsequently identified by factor analysis. To assess the association between breakfast composition and central and general obesity, logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: We identified three major dietary patterns by factor analysis: the “bread and grains, meat products, and coffee” dietary pattern, the “sweets, tea and coffee” dietary pattern, and the “fruits, vegetables, and eggs” dietary pattern. Those people in the third tertile of the “sweets, tea and coffee” dietary category had a greater chance of having central obesity (odds ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.59; P=0.001). Moreover, higher adherence to the “bread and grains, meat products, and coffee” pattern increased the chance of central obesity (odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–1.97; P=0.03). Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that specific breakfast dietary patterns are associated with increased odds of central obesity in Iranian adults.
Association of Nutrient Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Iranian Adults
( Zahra Akbarzade ),( Mohammad Reza Amini ),( Farhang Djafari ),( Habib Yarizadeh ),( Fatemeh Mohtashaminia ),( Maryam Majdi ),( Elham Bazshahi ),( Kurosh Djafarian ),( Cain C. T. Clark ),( Sakineh Sh 한국임상영양학회 2020 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.9 No.4
We aimed to examine the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional study of 850 self-certified healthy women and men aged 20-59 years old, dietary data were assessed using three 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measures were done and blood samples were collected to measure serum fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. The MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation. Major nutrient patterns were identified using principle competent analysis. In the first nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, zinc, iron, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and protein. In the second nutrient pattern, individuals in the first quintile had lower consumption of zinc, SFAs, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-carotene, linolenic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, compared to the fifth quintile. Furthermore, in the third nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and folate compared to other quintiles. We identified the second pattern had an indirect association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001 for all), and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) when it was controlled for body weight. Our findings showed that nutrient patterns may have an association with MetS components with mediating body weight.
( Mohammad Reza Amini ),( Farhang Djafari ),( Fatemeh Sheikhhossein ),( Habib Yarizadeh ),( Sina Naghshi ),( Mahshid Shahavandi ),( Nastaran Payandeh ),( Zahra Akbarzade ),( Kurosh Djafarian ),( Sakin 한국임상영양학회 2021 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.10 No.1
In the present research, we have evaluated the association between patterns of nutrient intake and obesity. The present cross-sectional study recruited 850 adults aged between 20-59 years old. Dietary intakes were assessed with three 24-hour recalls. As well, data on anthropometric measures were collected. General obesity was specified as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. Factor analysis was conducted, and followed by a varimax rotation, was performed to extract major nutrient patterns. Our analysis identified three major nutrient patterns: The first nutrient pattern was characterized by the high consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), protein, vitamins B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, B<sub>6</sub>, B<sub>5</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>, B<sub>12</sub>, Zinc, and iron. The second nutrient pattern was rich in total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, SFAs, oleic acid, linolenic acid, zinc, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene. The third one was greatly loaded with protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, vitamin C, and folate. Women in the third quintile of the first pattern were less likely to be generally obese in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.75). None of the other nutrient patterns had a significant association with obesity, even after adjusting for confounders. Adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in water-soluble vitamins was significantly associated with a greater chance of general obesity among women. Further studies in other populations, along with future prospective studies, are required to confirm these findings.