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Rasi Prasetio,Yunus Daud,Johanes Hutabarat,Hendarmawan Hendarmawan 한국지질과학협의회 2021 Geosciences Journal Vol.25 No.4
Wayang Windu geothermal field, which is situated in quaternary volcanic rock, has been delivering 227 MW of electricity and is planned to be developed in near future. Isotope and geochemistry study has been done to support understanding of the system. Samples were taken from thermal manifestations and production wells (two-phase and dry steam wells) to analyse its isotope and chemical compositions. Most of the hot springs are bicarbonate type and have neutral pH values, except for steam heated waters found near fumarolic fields, which are acid sulfate type waters. Deep brine fluids are of mature chloride type, while other deep dilute fluids are bicarbonate type indicates the existance of condensate layer. Solute and gas geothermometer calculation showed good agreement with measured temperature, i.e., 280–300 °C. However, gas-gas equilibria calculation showed increasing T and decreasing y (steam fraction) compare to previous study which indicates contribution form hotter source with high liquid saturation. Aside from different recharge area of thermal manifestation and production wells, the isotopes composition also shows physical processes in reservoir, i.e., adiabatic boiling, steam separation at different temperature (140–260 °C) and steam fraction (0.30–0.65), and also mixing process with meteoric water.
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Microgravity method to model mass balance in the Kamojang Geothermal Field
Yayan Sofyan,Yunus Daud,Yustin Kamah,Sachio Ehara 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2
Indonesia has the largest geothermal resource potential in the world, with total energy potential about 27.5 GWe. Kamojang Geothermal Field is the oldest geothermal field in Indonesia. More than 116.78 × 106 ton of steam has been exploited from the Kamojang Geothermal Field between 1983 and 2000. Today, the production decline problem at the Kamojang Geothermal Field needs to be solved by reservoir management. Reservoir management is used to solve and to maintain the stability of the steam production which is influenced by reservoir mass balance. The periodic changes of reservoir condition can be measured by the microgravity method. Between 1999 and 2005, microgravity method was used in The Kamojang Field to measure the changes of the gravity values with 51 gravity benchmarks. Mass changes in the geothermal reservoir were calculated in the same period based on Gauss theory. The interpretation of the microgravity data at Kamojang Geothermal Field shows the mass balance model in the reservoir. In six years production period, the microgravity method indicated that Kamojang Geothermal Field has a mass decrease of about 3.34 Mt/year and 2.73 Mt/year is estimated as the natural recharge. It is very important to balance the mass to continue sustainable production.
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