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        CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis is Involved in the Recruitment of NK Cells by HMGB1 Contributing to Persistent Airway Inflammation and AHR During the Late Stage of RSV Infection

        Chen Sisi,Tang Wei,Yu Guangyuan,Tang Zhengzhen,Liu Enmei 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.4

        We previously showed that both high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and natural killer (NK) cells contribute to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced persistent airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Meanwhile, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its specific receptor (chemokine receptor 4, CXCR4) play important roles in recruitment of immune cells. CXCL12 has been reported to form a complex with HMGB1 that binds to CXCR4 and increases inflammatory cell migration. The relationship between HMGB1, NK cells and chemokines in RSV-infected model remains unclear. An anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody and inhibitor of CXCR4 (AMD3100) was administered to observe changes of NK cells and airway disorders in nude mice and BALB/c mice. Results showed that the mRNA expression and protein levels of HMGB1 were elevated in late stage of RSV infection and persistent airway inflammation and AHR were diminished after administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies, with an associated significant decrease in CXCR4+ NK cells. In addition, CXCL12 and CXCR4 were reduced after HMGB1 blockade. Treatment with AMD3100 significantly suppressed the recruitment of NK cells and alleviated the airway disorders. Thus, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is involved in the recruitment of NK cells by HMGB1, contributing to persistent airway inflammation and AHR during the late stage of RSV infection.

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        Theoretical and Experimental Study on an Active–Passive Integrated Variable Stiffness Vibration Isolator

        Feihu Liu,Dengyun Yu,Cong Wang,Guangyuan Wang 한국항공우주학회 2024 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.25 No.2

        Optical imaging spacecraft needs adaptable vibration isolators to convey maneuvering forces stably and attenuate disturbances effectively, especially under multiple-level on-orbit working conditions. This paper proposes an active–passive integrated variable stiffness vibration isolator (API-VSVI), which employs a heterogeneous-signal fixed-step least mean square (HS- FSLMS) algorithm, to provide the necessary adaptability. Furthermore, the actuator’s capacity requirements can be further optimized based on the stiffness adjustment method. The API-VSVI prototype was firstly introduced, and the dynamic model was subsequently developed based on the derived equation of the stiffness. Then, the HS-FSLMS algorithm was proposed to simultaneously process the displacement and force signals for two different goals concerning different frequency bands. Through the comparative study of parameters, the appropriate range of the dynamic and control parameters was analyzed, following which one stiffness adjustment method was proposed according to the discussion on multilevel input modes. Finally, it was demonstrated by experiment results that the API-VSVI outperformed the VSVI in shaping the transmitted force. It appears that the maneuvering force amplification is actively regulated at less than 4%, and the disturbance suppression is improved to 92.7% by lowering the stiffness and then actively controlled to 98.5%.

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        Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals as Stable Interfacial Layer for Improvement of Lithium Metal Anode

        Yan, Kai,Lee, Hyun-Wook,Gao, Teng,Zheng, Guangyuan,Yao, Hongbin,Wang, Haotian,Lu, Zhenda,Zhou, Yu,Liang, Zheng,Liu, Zhongfan,Chu, Steven,Cui, Yi American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.10

        <P>Stable cycling of lithium metal anode is challenging due to the dendritic lithium formation and high chemical reactivity of lithium with electrolyte and nearly all the materials. Here, we demonstrate a promising novel electrode design by growing two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal layers including hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene directly on Cu metal current collectors. Lithium ions were able to penetrate through the point and line defects of the 2D layers during the electrochemical deposition, leading to sandwiched lithium metal between ultrathin 2D layers and Cu. The 2D layers afford an excellent interfacial protection of Li metal due to their remarkable chemical stability as well as mechanical strength and flexibility, resulting from the strong intralayer bonds and ultrathin thickness. Smooth Li metal deposition without dendritic and mossy Li formation was realized. We showed stable cycling over 50 cycles with Coulombic efficiency ∼97% in organic carbonate electrolyte with current density and areal capacity up to the practical value of 2.0 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>and 5.0 mAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively, which is a significant improvement over the unprotected electrodes in the same electrolyte.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-10/nl503125u/production/images/medium/nl-2014-03125u_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl503125u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

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