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        Synthesis of heteroatom and metallic compound self-co-doped porous carbon derived from swine manure for supercapacitor electrodes and lead ion adsorbents

        Liyuan Qin,Yang Wua,Zhiwei Hou,Shihui Zhang,Enchen Jiang 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.102 No.-

        Swine manure activated carbon (SMAC) with self-co-doped metallic compounds and heteroatoms wasprepared by combining KOH activation with pyrolysis. The structure, electrochemical performance andadsorption of SMACs prepared with various activation temperatures, activation times, alkali-carbonratios and pickling steps were investigated. A hierarchical pore structure existed in all the SMACs, whichshowed excellent and significantly different properties, including a specific capacitance of 278 F/g, and ahigh SSA of 2321 m2/g (SMACHF), which retained 100% of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g and aPb2+ adsorption capacity of 211.8 mg/g at room temperature (SMACNON). The SMACs contained heteroatomfunctional groups and Si, Ca and Mg compounds, which did not produce pseudocapacitors but didincrease the Pb2+ adsorption capacity and electrochemical cycling stability. The Pb2+ adsorption capacitiesof SMACNON, SMACPHF and SMACHF corresponded to the effect of the functional group content ratherthan the effect of the SSA. These porous carbons were derived from inexpensive swine manure, combinesuitable porosity with metallic elements and heteroatom doping, and have promising uses in multifunctionalapplications.

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        Synthesis, surface adsorption and micelle formation of a class of morpholinium gemini surfactants

        Caili Dai,Sisi Fang,Mei Hu,Xiaojuan He,Mingwei Zhao,Xuepeng Wu,Shuai Yang,Yining Wua 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.54 No.-

        A series of novel gemini surfactants with morpholinium headgroup, 4, 40-(alkane-4, n-40)bis(4-decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl morpholinium)bromide (Mm-n-Mm, m = 10, 12, 14, n = 3, 4), were synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR. The surfactants were investigated for their adsorption and micellization in aqueous solutions through surface tension and conductivity methods It was found that the physicochemical properties, such as surface activity and thermodynamic property of the aqueous surfactant system, were dependent on the lengths of both hydrophobic tail chain and spacer. With the increase of the hydrophobic chain length or the decrease of spacer length, the cmc value of the surfactant decreases and the ability to reduce the surface tension is stronger. The calculation result of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the surfactants we synthesized are more inclined to aggregate in solution as compared with traditional m-s-m type gemini surfactants, and the micellization of Mm-n-Mm was an entropy-driven process.

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