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TRACING BRIGHT AND DARK SIDES OF THE UNIVERSE WITH X-RAY OBSERVATIONS
SUTO YASUSHI,YOSHIKAWA KOHJI,DOLAG KLAUS,SASAKI SHIN,YAMASAKI NORIKO Y.,OHASHI TAKAYA,MITSUDA KAZUHISA,TAWARA YUZURU,FUJIMOTO RYUICHI,FURUSHO TAE,FURUZAWA AKIHIRO,ISHIDA MANABU,ISHISAKI YOSHITAKA The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5
X-ray observations of galaxy clusters have played an important role in cosmology, especially in determining the cosmological density parameter and the fluctuation amplitude. While they represent the bright side of the universe together with the other probes including the cosmic microwave background and the Type Ia supernovae, the resulting information clearly indicates that the universe is dominated by dark components. Even most of cosmic baryons turns out to be dark. In order to elucidate the nature of dark baryons, we propose a dedicated soft-X-ray mission, DIOS (Diffuse Intergalactic Oxygen Surveyor). Recent numerical simulations suggest that approximately 30 to 50 percent of total baryons at z = 0 take the form of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) with $10^5K < T < 10^7K $which has evaded the direct detection so far. The unprecedented energy resolution (${\~} 2eV$) of the XSA (X-ray Spectrometer Array) on-board DIGS enables us to identify WHIM with gas temperature $T = 10^6 {\~} 10^7K$ and overdensity $\delta$ = 10 ${\~}$ 100 located at z < 0.3 through emission lines of OVII and OVIII. In addition, WHIMs surrounding nearby clusters are detectable with a typical exposure time of a day, and thus constitute realistic and promising targets for DIOS.
Teppei Nakamura,Tatsuhiko Hirota,Katsura Mizushima,Kohji Ohki,Yuji Naito,Naoyuki Yamamoto,Toshikazu Yoshikawa 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.5
Milk-derived peptides, Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) and Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP), have angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitory activities and blood pressure-lowering effects. We examined the effects of these peptides on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient [apoE(−/−)] mice. For 31 weeks, six-week-old male apoE(−/−) mice received a diet that included one of the following: fermented milk containing both VPP and IPP; casein hydrolysate containing both of these peptides; synthesized VPP; synthesized IPP; enalapril; captopril; or control diet. At the end of feeding, blood biochemistry, aortic atherogenesis, and gene expression by DNA microarray analysis were evaluated. There were no significant changes in the plasma lipid levels and 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress. The area ratio of intima to media in the aortic arch was significantly lower in the fermented milk, casein hydrolysate, synthesized VPP, enalapril, and captopril groups than in the control group. As is common with diets containing VPP and/or IPP, we observed reductions in mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, and transcription regulators. These results suggest that a continuous intake of VPP and IPP might be beneficial for preventing atherosclerosis caused by hypercholesterolemia.