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Inoue, S.,Hayashi, K.,Magara, T.,Choe, G. S.,Park, Y. D. IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Vol.788 No.2
<P>We performed a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation using a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) in solar active region 11158 to clarify the dynamics of an X2.2-class solar flare. We found that the NLFFF never shows the dramatic dynamics seen in observations, i.e., it is in a stable state against the perturbations. On the other hand, the MHD simulation shows that when the strongly twisted lines are formed at close to the neutral line, which are produced via tether-cutting reconnection in the twisted lines of the NLFFF, they consequently erupt away from the solar surface via the complicated reconnection. This result supports the argument that the strongly twisted lines formed in NLFFF via tether-cutting reconnection are responsible for breaking the force balance condition of the magnetic fields in the lower solar corona. In addition to this, the dynamical evolution of these field lines reveals that at the initial stage the spatial pattern of the footpoints caused by the reconnection of the twisted lines appropriately maps the distribution of the observed two-ribbon flares. Interestingly, after the flare, the reconnected field lines convert into a structure like the post-flare loops, which is analogous to the extreme ultraviolet image taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Eventually, we found that the twisted lines exceed a critical height at which the flux tube becomes unstable to the torus instability. These results illustrate the reliability of our simulation and also provide an important relationship between flare and coronal mass ejection dynamics.</P>
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Kim, H.K.,Lee, B.C.,Kim, S.D.,Kamei, T.,Magara, Y. IWA Publishing 2007 Water Science & Technology Vol.55 No.1
<P>Naturally occurring UV active compounds, commonly present in almost all source waters, can be rapidly monitored by their ultraviolet absorbance at 260 nm (E260). Herein, the extent of correlation between the E260 and the removal efficiency of the hazardous contaminants, endocrine disrupters and dioxins, were investigated using various treatment and river source waters. The detection of various types of hazardous contaminants using sophisticated analytical methods, such as high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/inductively coupled plasma (ICP)/mass spectrometry (MS), as well as various short-term bioassays, can require hours or even days for results to be obtained. The removal of the E260 correlated well with those of individual contaminants, such as endocrine disruptor chemicals and dioxins, with the various treatment processes employed. In the plots of the endocrine disrupters against the DOC/E260, a correlation was found with the endocrine activity of the Korean/Japanese river waters employed in this study.</P>
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Bromate formation and BAC removal in drinking water treatment process
M.ASAMI,T.AIZAWA,T.MORIOKA,N.HASHIMOTO,W.NISHIJIMA,A.TABATA,Y.MAGARA 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.1
AbstractOzonation of water that has been effected by seawater intrusion or bromide contamination, inevitably results in significant bromate formation. Seasonal changes in bromate formation in water containing a high concentration of bromide were investigated at an experimental ozonation plant. When operational ozone conditions were set to maintain ozone residue at a constant level, bromate formation was significantly correlated with temperature, E260, color, and ozone dose. In GAC(granular activated carbon) column experiments, the bromate removal rate apparently decreased during transition from GAC to BAC (biological activated carbon) following ozonation. Batch experiments confirmed GAC's capacity and BAC's inability to reduce bromate ions to bromide ions. Ozonation conditions must be optimized to minimize bromate and other by-products'formation while maintaining target levels of substance removal.
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