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拜登时期美国对华 “竞争性共存”的闭环认知—以重设危机管控机制的必要性和初始步骤为中心—
Zhang, Xuanshuo 성균관대학교 성균중국연구소 2023 중국사회과학논총 Vol.5 No.2
Based on the Biden administration’s China policy since its inception, this paper concludes that the primary goal of the current US perception of China is to protect US interests, with competitive coexistence as the key element. It determines the strategic objectives and particular actions of US’ China policy, as well as any potential hazards, by examining the content, context, motivations, and behaviors of this perspective. To prevent disputes and conflicts that arise from rivalry in the process of US competitive coexistence with China, it is necessary to re-establish an up-to-date crisis management mechanism that installs boundaries for the varied interactions between the two powers. Due to the unstable bilateral relationship and backwardness of the current mechanism, this will enable the rivalry to be conducted within a defined and standardized framework. Competitive coexistence is a type of closed-loop logic that begins with protecting US interests, formulates objectives and measures based on realities, implements conditional competitive coexistence while avoiding risks, and enables the US to safeguard its interests by controlling the scope and intensity of its rivalry with China, as well as by determining China's strategic bottom line and obtaining time to prepare for strategic rivalry.
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Sheng Li,Hongbo Li,Juncang Tian,Hao Sun,Yongfa Ding,Xuanshuo Zhang 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4
Under the influence of seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, the concrete lining of channels situated on saline soil foundations is highly vulnerable to an array of deleterious phenomena, such as frost heave, salt expansion, and corrosion. To investigate the synergistic interplay among saline soil substrates, U-shaped channel lining structures, and ambient temperatures during freeze-thaw cycles, a novel Hydraulic-Thermal-Salt-Mechanical (HTSM) model is established in this study. The HTSM model elucidates the migration of moisture and salt solute, ice-water phase transitions, and sodium sulfate crystallization within unsaturated saline soils throughout the freeze-thaw cycles. It considers the variations in volume and pore solution volume before and after the phase transition of sodium sulfate. Temperature and salt frost heaving force measurements obtained from outdoor freeze-thaw cycles are compared with numerical simulation results to validate the efficacy of the HTSM model and investigate the distribution patterns of salt frost heaving force (frost swelling force) along the channel. The results showed that the frost swelling force and depth exhibit a great linear relationship and the maximum stress of the U-shaped channel appears at the bottom of the channel, highlighting the good arching force characteristics of the U-shaped structure which prove that bottom of the channel is also the most prone to fracture. Significantly, the initial water content significantly impacts the frost swelling force—it increases by 4% while the frost swelling force increases by 76%. Comparing the numerical simulation results of temperature variations, moisture changes, and salt-frost heaving forces with the outdoor experimental data, it is evident that the proposed HTSM model effectively simulates the salt-frost heaving patterns observed in U-shaped channel linings.
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