http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Xiao Wu,Xianghua Tai,김진식 한국중원언어학회 2019 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.51
Refusal is one of typical speech acts in daily communication. As a face-threatening act, refusal might bring burdens to both parties of dialogue. To reduce potential conflicts, various refusal strategies (e.g., giving a reason, evasive expression, proposition, etc) were studied. Despite extensive cultural contents shared by China and South Korea, there are significant differences in social ideologies and ways of thinking, which result in variations in pragmatic strategies for refusal speech acts. However, few studies have focused on differences in speech acts between non-native Chinese students learning Korean and native Koreans. This study investigates differences in refusal speech acts between native Korean exchange students and Chinese learners of the Korean language at different proficiency levels from universities in Qingdao. The study employs methods of DCT and role-playing conversations with 24 refusal scenes as well as self-defined classification of refusal strategies. Results showed significant differences between them in terms of quantity and frequency of refusal strategies. This study could help to prepare lesson plans for Chinese Korean language learners and guide them to learn the Korean language more effectively.
Morrison, David Stewart,Parr, Christine Louise,Lam, Tai Hing,Ueshima, Hirotsugu,Kim, Hyeon Chang,Jee, Sun Ha,Murakami, Yoshitaka,Giles, Graham,Fang, Xianghua,Barzi, Federica,Batty, George David,Huxley Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2
Background: Colorectal cancer has several modifiable behavioural risk factors but their relationship to the risk of colon and rectum cancer separately and between countries with high and low incidence is not clear. Methods: Data from participants in the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (APCSC) were used to estimate mortality from colon (International Classification of Diseases, revision 9 (ICD-9) 153, ICD-10 C18) and rectum (ICD-9 154, ICD-10 C19-20) cancers. Data on age, body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol, height, smoking, physical activity, alcohol and diabetes mellitus were entered into Cox proportional hazards models. Results: 600,427 adults contributed 4,281,239 person-years follow-up. The mean ages (SD) for Asian and Australia/New Zealand cohorts were 44.0 (9.5) and 53.4 (14.5) years, respectively. 455 colon and 158 rectum cancer deaths were observed. Increasing age, BMI and attained adult height were associated with increased hazards of death from colorectal cancer, and physical activity was associated with a reduced hazard. After multiple adjustment, any physical activity was associated with a 28% lower hazard of colon cancer mortality (HR 0.72, 95%CI 0.53-0.96) and lower rectum cancer mortality (HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.45-1.27). A 2cm increase in height increased colon and all colorectal cancer mortality by 7% and 6% respectively. Conclusions: Physical inactivity and greater BMI are modifiable risk factors for colon cancer in both Western and Asian populations. Further efforts are needed to promote physical activity and reduce obesity while biological research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which they act to cause cancer mortality.
Huxley, Rachel R,Barzi, Federica,Lam, Tai Hing,Czernichow, Sebastien,Fang, Xianghua,Welborn, Tim,Shaw, Jonathan,Ueshima, Hirotsugu,Zimmet, Paul,Jee, Sun Ha,Patel, Jeetesh V,Caterson, Ian,Perkovic, Vla American Heart Association, etc.] 2011 CIRCULATION - Vol.124 No.19
<P>Previous studies have suggested that there is a novel dyslipidemic profile consisting of isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level that is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, and that this trait may be especially prevalent in Asian populations.</P>