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Huiming Wang,Qinye Yin,Xiang-Gen Xia IEEE 2011 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS Vol.59 No.1
<P>In this paper, we propose a family of distributed space-frequency codes (SFCs) for frequency asynchronous cooperative relay networks with multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) and flat fading channels. The codes have the special structures that the columns of each code matrix can be divided into several orthogonal groups and each group is stacked by several sub-blocks with Toeplitz structure. These codes possess two interesting properties: a) Even under the frequency-asynchronous scenario, the codes can , namely, if R relay nodes participate the cooperation adopting the proposed SFCs, then at the destination node, the achievable diversity order is R; b) Only , such as zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers, are required to collect the full cooperative diversity, instead of the maximum likelihood (ML) detector as utilized in most existing STC (SFC) schemes. The codes in this family have different symbol rates, orthogonality and performances for different numbers of relay nodes, which can be adjusted by choosing different design parameters. It is shown that frequency-reversal SFC (FR-SFC), and frequency-shift SFC (FS-SFC) proposed in previous papers are only two special members of the code family, and new SFCs outperforming both of them are proposed.</P>
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Guo Yongfu,Wang Yi,Chai Xiaohan,Xiang Huiming,Kong Weina,Ma Ruiyan 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.9
Grapholita molesta (Busck) is a cosmopolitan fruit pest. The sex pheromones released by females have four components, namely (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:Ac), E8–12:Ac, (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol (Z8–12:OH), and dodecanol (12:OH). This multichemical attractive system has been reported to induce various male behavioral responses, from arousal to directional flight, and enhance trapping. However, the specific male behaviors induced by individual component or component blend is unclear. This study investigated the effects of different combinations of these four components using electroantennogram, wind tunnel assays, and field tests on aspects of male behavioral performance. Our results showed that the (Z8–12:Ac + E8–12:Ac)- containing pheromones were mainly responsible for long-distance detection and close-distance location in males, including antennal detection of the stimulus, flight initiation, directional flight, and trapping. The addition of E8–12:Ac to Z8–12:Ac plays an important role in pheromone searching behavior of males in close range. The ternary component, Z8–12:Ac + E8–12: Ac + Z8–12:OH was crucial for capturing male moths, and 12:OH significantly increased the male catch. The addition of Z8–12:OH and 12:OH to Z8–12: Ac + E8–12:Ac plays an important role in completing the whole response sequence in field attraction. This study revealed that Z8–12:Ac + E8–12:Ac acts as a attractant to males, whereas Z8–12:OH, and 12:OH are the synergists that enhance male attraction in the sex pheromone blend.
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