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      • Comprehensive Study of Write Operation Scheme in Multi-Level Resistive Switching Memory Array

        Joo, Wontak,Lee, Jae Hak,Choi, Sung Moo,Kim, Hee-Dong,Kim, Sungho American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.11

        <P>A comprehensive analysis of write operations in a multi-level resistive switching memory (RRAM) crossbar array is carried out. A developed numerical method simulates entire current flows and node voltages within one selector-one multi-level RRAM (1S1mR) crossbar array and provides quantitative information, especially voltage drops due to the interconnection line resistance. Due to the intrinsic nature of voltage drops in high-density array, a normal multi-level operation scheme by using variable reset voltages cannot be adopted, which will be a critical bottleneck in implementing high-density crossbar memory array with multi-level RRAM cells. This study provides the understanding of crossbar array for successfully designing the write operation scheme in 1S1mR array.</P>

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        Factors Associated with Insomnia among the Elderly in a Korean Rural Community

        WooJung Kim,Wontak Joo,Jiwon Baek,SungYun Sohn,Namkoong Kee,Yoosik Youm,HyeonChang Kim,YeongRan Park,SangHui Chu,EunLee 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4

        Objective-Sleep disturbance is common in the elderly, which is result from multi-factorial causes encompassing socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. We aimed to identify factors associated with insomnia among the elderly in a rural community in South Korea, a country with a rapidly growing aged population. Methods-This cross-sectional study used the data from the second wave of the Korean Social life, Health and Ageing Project, which is a cohort study of individuals living in a typical rural community in South Korea. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Various factors suspected to be associated with insomnia were compared between elderly participants with and without insomnia, and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for insomnia. Results-We found that 32.4% of 509 participants (72.8±7.7 years old) had insomnia. Female sex [odds ratio (OR)=2.19], low education level (OR=2.44), current smoking (OR=2.26), number of chronic diseases (OR=2.21 for 2-3 chronic diseases; OR=2.06 for 4 or more chronic diseases), and depression (OR=2.53) were independently associated with insomnia. Conclusion-We found that sex, education, chronic disease, and depression independently increase the risk of insomnia of the elderly in a Korean rural community. To overcome the elderly’s insomnia, interventions should target modifiable factors such as depression. To promote active aging, longitudinal studies of factors associated with insomnia among the elderly should be performed in different regions and communities.

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