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현대중국어 ‘SVN1QMN2’ 구문의 유형 및 초래의미 분석
金鉉哲(Kim, Hyun-cheol),周文生(Zhou Wensheng) 중국어문학연구회 2022 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.136
This paper aims to investigate and classify SVN1QMN2 as a causative structure into different grammatical types, and based on the classifications, each type will be analyzed respectively with its functions in the process of semantic construction and the syntax-semantic realization pattern among the grammatical structures. However, all the grammatical types share the same structure, but each of them maintains various semantic interpretations. Accordingly, there could exist a certain mechanism which enables the structure to be grammaticalized. Thus, this paper may draw some possible conclusions as the following: The causative SVN1QMN2 structure can be categorized as direct causes and indirect ones. Under each category, there is an extended sequence which is “directly causatives——indirectly causatives——resultative causatives”. There are numerous differences between the calculative structure and the beneficial structure. However, both the structures are subordinates of SVN1QMN2 structure. The conceptualization process can be seen as the fundamental reason for semantic variations. Furthermore, the Economic Principle of language requires that similar events should be expressed in the same pattern. This also verifies that the meaning of a sentence is not the truth condition of the sentence itself, but the conceptualization process related to the sentence. The original function of SVN1QMN2 structure is causative, and this causative function is the major cause which allows an agent and its patient to switch their structural positions. In the integrated space, the causative structure determines that the agent should be placed at the position where the causal patient can be located. In short, the theory of conceptual integration can offer the scientifical explanations towards the causative structure.
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현대중국어 초래의미 ‘SVN1N2’ 구문의 사건구조 분석
金鉉哲(Kim, Hyun-cheol),周文生(Zhou Wensheng) 중국어문학연구회 2022 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.137
Events include simple events and complex events. The causative SVN1N2 structure can be considered as a demonstration of complex events. In this essay, the causative SVN1N2 structure will be analyzed from three aspects: causing events, causative relationships and causative events. This structure has three subordinate structures: ①gain and loss causing structure, ②consequence causing structure, and ③beneficial causing structure. Among the causing events, the first two structures(① and ②) can be only initiated by entitive causer, and the third structure obtains both entitive causer and eventive causer. From the semantical dimension, since the SVN1N2 structure contains causative expressions, these expressions can be represented by syntactic causations and lexical causations. The causative events of three subordinate structures mentioned above are represented differently in the syntactic manners. That is, the gain and lost causing structure only can be represented in the form of number+quantifier+noun, meanwhile the consequence causing structure and the beneficial causing structure have three different representations respectively.
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Jindi Wei,Gengmin Zhang,Yingjie Xing,Jin Yang,Wensheng Zhou 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.8
The electric field on a hemisphere-on-post nanowire is numerically calculated using the finite element method (FEM). The FEM calculation results show that the field is sufficiently strong for extracting a significant field emission current only in a small area at the top of the hemisphere, while the contribution to the field emission from the other part of the hemisphere and the flank side of the cylinder is negligible owing to the rapid drop of the electric field. Both the local current density at the top of the hemisphere (Jc) and the average current density across the nanowire cross-section (Ja) are calculated and the Ja-to-Jc ratio (α) is introduced to reflect the non-uniformity of the field emission. An empirical formula with proper parameters that can best fit the simulation results is derived for describing the dependence of α on the macroscopic electric field (Fm). As a result, the Ja–Fm relationship is attained and the revision to the traditional Fowler–Nordheim (FN) formula caused by the nonuniformity of field distribution is found in both the pre-exponent part and the exponent part, so that the deviation of the FN plots from linearity often observed in experiments is partly accounted for. Moreover, the resistance at the emitter-substrate interface is shown to cause saturation in the field emission current and a downward bending of the FN plot in the high-field region.
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