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A Recent Argument for the Use of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancers
Waku Hatta,Takuji Gotoda,Tomoyuki Koike,Atsushi Masamune 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.4
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the standard treatment method for early gastric cancers (EGCs) due to the negligible risk for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in Eastern Asian countries. According to the guidelines, the curability of EGC after endoscopic resection was classified into three groups: curative resection, expanded curative resection, and noncurative resection. In Eastern Asian countries, a structured follow-up schedule is needed for patients undergoing curative resection and expanded curative resection. Conversely, in Western countries, additional surgery may be recommended for some patients undergoing expanded curative resection (ulcerated, undifferentiated, or slight submucosal invasion) due to the potential risk for LNM, even though specimens of ESD and surgery may not be handled with the same methodology as that used in Japan, which may lead to this slightly higher risk. In noncurative resection, additional surgery is the standard method after ESD because of the risk for LNM. However, in elderly patients and/or those with severe underlying diseases, the advantages and disadvantages of additional surgery should be considered when selecting a post-ESD treatment strategy for patients undergoing noncurative resection. Risk-scoring systems for LNM may facilitate clinical decisions for these patients. However, it should be noted that when recurrence was detected in patients who were followed up with no additional treatment after ESD with noncurative resection, most of them had a poor prognosis. To select an appropriate treatment method, especially in elderly patients undergoing ESD with noncurative resection, a new tool for evaluating the condition of patients should be established.
Improvement of re-launch performance after heavybrake stop by optimizing CVT ratio control
Jong-hwan Lee,Waku-kousuke,Seung-hwan Choi,Hyoung-uk Kim 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2013 No.11
One of the characteristics of Korean road is that uphill driving occurs frequently. So it is important Hill-climbing performance at uphill. For re-launch performance after deceleration, it needs Low Shifting for transfer by Transmission. However, it is impossible that shifting to low gear on CVT during vehicle-stop. So when the vehicle is re-launching after deceleration, CVT does not come up to Step-AT about Hill-climbing performance at uphill. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce development of CVT application and ways improving Low ratio achievement by clutch slip control using sub-shift and optimizing pulley ratio control using shift pattern.
Hasegawa, K.,Yoshikawa, A.,Durbin, S.D.,Epellbaum, B.M.,Fukuda, T.,Waku, Y. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.9 No.4
Fiber growth of $Al_{2}O_{3}/R-Al-O$ (R = Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er) eutectic by the micro-pulling down method is described. The thermal stability and strength at elevated temperature of each materials is evaluated in relation to the microstructure.
Lee, J.H.,Yoshikawa, A.,Kaiden, H.,Fukuda, T.,Yoon, D.H.,Waku, Y. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 2001 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.11 No.4
It was possible to grow the $Al_{2}O_{3}$ based $Y_{3}A_{5}O_{12}(YAG),ZrO_{2}$ binary and ternary eutectic fibers using micro-pulling down method with a growing rate of 0.1~15 mm/min. While $Al_{2}O_{3}/ZrO_{2}$ showed cellular-lamellar structure, $Al_{2}O_{3}$/YAG and $Al_{2}O_{3}$/YAG/$ZrO_{2}$ternary eutectic fibers showed homogeneous Chinese script lamellar structures. The microstructures of $Al_{2}O_{3}/ZrO_{2}$ binary eutectic fibers changed with solidification rate from lamellar pattern to cellular structure. The interlamellar spacing agreed with the inverse-square-root dependance on pulling rate according to $\lambda$=$kv_p\;{-1/2}$. $Al_{2}O_{3}/ZrO_{2}$ binary eutectic fibers recorded the highest tensile strength of about 1560MPa at room temperature. $Al_2O_3/YAG/ZrO_2$ternary eutectic fiber showed excellent thermal stability to $1200^{\circ}C$ without significant decrease. The maximum strength of ternary eutectic fibers recorded were 1100MPa at $25^{\circ}C$ and 970MPa at $1200^{\circ}C$, respectively.