In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Two Coconut Oils in Comparison to Monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus: Rodent Studies

Vijaya Manohar,Bobby Echard,Nicholas Perricone,Cass Ingram,Mary Enig,Debasis Bagchi,Harry G. Preuss 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.6

Since monolaurin, a monoglyceride formed in the human body in small quantities, has proven effective both in vitro and in vivo against certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus, an important question arises whether consuming a substance high in lauric acid content, such as coconut oil could increase intrinsic monolaurin production to levels that would be successful in overcoming staphylococcal and other microbial invaders. Both a cup plate method and a microdilution broth culture system were employed to test bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the test agents in vitro. To test effectiveness in vivo, female C3H/he mice (10–12 per group) were orally administered sterile saline (regular control), vancomycin (positive control), aqueous monolaurin, or two varieties of coconut oil (refined, bleached, deodorized coconut oil and virgin coconut oil) for 1 week before bacterial challenge and 30 days after. A final group received both monolaurin and vancomycin. In contrast to monolaurin, the coconut oils did not show bactericidal activity in vitro. In vivo, the groups receiving vancomycin, monolaurin, or the combination showed some protection—50–70% survival, whereas the protection from the coconut oils were virtually the same as control—0–16% survival. Although we did not find that the two coconut oils are helpful to overcome S. aureus infections, we corroborated earlier studies showing the ability of monolaurin to do such.

Basic Seed Stock Maintenance and Multiplication in Indian Tropical Tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury-A Strategic Approach

Rangareddygari Manohar Reddy,Nagabathula Suryanarayana,Nand Gopal Ojha,Ganga Hansda,Suresh Rai,Nanjappa Basappa Vijaya Prakash 한국잠사학회 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.2

Daba ecorace of Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), the semi domesticated Indian tropical tasar silkworm being reared outdoor; the egg and silk yields are dependent of genotype environment interaction. The insufficient maintenance and multiplication of its P4 seed stock need a coherent as well as scientific strategy to safeguard breed potential, being commercially applied ecorace. The sort-out lines of P4 stock studied over five generations highlighting on commercial trait up gradation suits for a tropical crop season, revealed enhanced performance. The line with high pupal parents (T2) shown improved fecundity (12.9%) and the line with high shell parents (T3) recorded higher shell weight (40.0%) and silk ratio (24.1%). While, the line of high pupal female and high shell male (T4) reveal enhancement in fecundity (9.0%), egg hatching (14.1%), shell weight (50.0%), silk ratio (35.2%) and absolute silk yield (52.0%) indicating the need and role of varied basic seed stock lines. The approach could improve economically vital egg fecundity and cocoon shell weights besides balancing them in same line for commercial operation. The progressive show of lines (T1 to T4) along successive generations (G1 to G5), in spite of passing through seed crop (Jul-Aug) and commercial crop (Sep-Nov) seasons emphasize their compatibility. The study infers that the strategic plan of combining preferred parental phenotypes, methodical selection for desired commercial trait(s) through generations with best possible genotype environment interaction has enriched P4 stock with elevation in needy trait(s) besides assuring choice of suitable lines for seasons and regions and timely replenishment of basic seed of Daba ecorace.

Silk Filament Progression with Backcross Breeding Generations in Tropical Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D

Rangareddygari Manohar Reddy,Nagabathula Suryanarayana,Manoj Kumar Sinha,Nand Singh Gahlot,Ganga Hansda,Nand Gopal Ojha,Nanjappa Basappa Vijaya Prakash 한국잠사학회 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.19 No.1

Silk filament progression study applying backcross breeding with recipient parent Jata and donor parent Daba ecoraces of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury conducted during 2006 to 2008, revealed introgression of filament denier (10.2 d) superior to both parents at BC4 level. Also, the silk waste (0.35%) and filament breaks (2.6 nos) were reduced compared to both parents, while the filament length (973 m) and non break filament (296 m) improved over donor and could attain closer to recipient parent. The best performance of Jata x Daba at F1 level, with highest silk filament length (1646 m) of 12.5 d denier, denotes heterosis impact on silk trait with parental heterogenousity, an advantage to exploit silk filament yield. The progression of quality in terms of finer filament denier, less silk waste and least number of filament breaks over both parents and improvement in filament length and non break filament over donor parent except for a marginal shortage against recipient at BC4 level indicates the prospects of Jata and Daba ecoraces as source of breeding material for qualitative improvement of tasar silk filament. The study suggests that the commercially important finer denier of tasar silk filament can be attained with minor reduction in silk yield of wild Jata ecorace by adopting repeated backcrossing for four generations with semi domesticated Daba ecorace.

Silk Filament Progression with Backcross Breeding Generations in Tropical Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D

Reddy, Rangareddygari Manohar,Suryanarayana, Nagabathula,Sinha, Manoj Kumar,Gahlot, Nand Singh,Hansda, Ganga,Ojha, Nand Gopal,Prakash, Nanjappa Basappa Vijaya Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.19 No.1

Silk filament progression study applying backcross breeding with recipient parent Jata and donor parent Daba ecoraces of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury conducted during 2006 to 2008, revealed introgression of filament denier (10.2 d) superior to both parents at BC4 level. Also, the silk waste (0.35%) and filament breaks (2.6 nos) were reduced compared to both parents, while the filament length (973 m) and non break filament (296 m) improved over donor and could attain closer to recipient parent. The best performance of Jata $\times$ Daba at F1 level, with highest silk filament length (1646 m) of 12.5 d denier, denotes heterosis impact on silk trait with parental heterogenousity, an advantage to exploit silk filament yield. The progression of quality in terms of finer filament denier, less silk waste and least number of filament breaks over both parents and improvement in filament length and non break filament over donor parent except for a marginal shortage against recipient at BC4 level indicates the prospects of Jata and Daba ecoraces as source of breeding material for qualitative improvement of tasar silk filament. The study suggests that the commercially important finer denier of tasar silk filament can be attained with minor reduction in silk yield of wild Jata ecorace by adopting repeated backcrossing for four generations with semi domesticated Daba ecorace.

Basic Seed Stock Maintenance and Multiplication in Indian Tropical Tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury-A Strategic Approach

Reddy, Rangareddygari Manohar,Suryanarayana, Nagabathula,Ojha, Nand Gopal,Hansda, Ganga,Rai, Suresh,Prakash, Nanjappa Basappa Vijaya Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.2

Daba ecorace of Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), the semi domesticated Indian tropical tasar silkworm being reared outdoor; the egg and silk yields are dependent of genotype environment interaction. The insufficient maintenance and multiplication of its P4 seed stock need a coherent as well as scientific strategy to safeguard breed potential, being commercially applied ecorace. The sort-out lines of P4 stock studied over five generations highlighting on commercial trait up gradation suits for a tropical crop season, revealed enhanced performance. The line with high pupal parents (T2) shown improved fecundity (12.9%) and the line with high shell parents (T3) recorded higher shell weight (40.0%) and silk ratio (24.1%). While, the line of high pupal female and high shell male (T4) reveal enhancement in fecundity (9.0%), egg hatching (14.1%), shell weight (50.0%), silk ratio (35.2%) and absolute silk yield (52.0%) indicating the need and role of varied basic seed stock lines. The approach could improve economically vital egg fecundity and cocoon shell weights besides balancing them in same line for commercial operation. The progressive show of lines (T1 to T4) along successive generations (G1 to G5), in spite of passing through seed crop (Jul-Aug) and commercial crop (Sep-Nov) seasons emphasize their compatibility. The study infers that the strategic plan of combining preferred parental phenotypes, methodical selection for desired commercial trait(s) through generations with best possible genotype environment interaction has enriched P4 stock with elevation in needy trait(s) besides assuring choice of suitable lines for seasons and regions and timely replenishment of basic seed of Daba ecorace.

Research Articles : Ex-situ Stabilization and Utility Prospects of "Jata" Ecorace of Tropical Tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury

( G. Hansda ),( R. Manohar Reddy ),( M. K. Sinha ),( N. G. Ojha ),( N. B. Vijaya Prakash ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.2

Indian tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D is reported to have forty four ecoraces by way of their adoption to different topographical and vegetational conditions. Of late, another ecorace `JATA`-univoltine under in-situ condition has been explored which is localized in Thakurmunda area of the foot hills of Simlipal biosphere (Mayurbhanj district) of Orissa, India. The ecorace `Jata` exhibits superior economic characters over widely commercialized ecoraces of Daba and Sukinda. The cocoon production of localized `Jata` ecorace is depleting day by day in in-situ condition. In the present study, efforts were made to stabilize the ecorace `Jata` under ex-situ condition at Ranchi (Jharkhand), where the `Jata` ecorace silkworms were reared on Terminalia tomentosa for four successive generations during 2006 and 2007 and the cocoons were preserved in grainage house under prevailing climatic conditions. The results indicated change in voltinism behaviour of the `Jata` ecorace from univoltine to bivoltine. The rearing performance and grainage efficiencies indicate the tendency of `Jata` ecorace towards acclimatization and stabilization under Ranchi climatic conditions. The `Jata` ecorace manifests the prospects for acclimatization, stabilization and commercial exploitation.

Ex-situ Stabilization and Utility Prospects of 'Jata' Ecorace of Tropical Tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury

Hansda, G.,Reddy, R. Manohar,Sinha, M. K.,Ojha, N. G.,Prakash, N. B. Vijaya Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.2

Indian tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D is reported to have forty four ecoraces by way of their adoption to different topographical and vegetational conditions. Of late, another ecorace 'JATA' - univoltine under in-situ condition has been explored which is localized in Thakurmunda area of the foot hills of Simlipal biosphere (Mayurbhanj district) of Orissa, India. The ecorace 'Jata' exhibits superior economic characters over widely commercialized ecoraces of Daba and Sukinda. The cocoon production of localized 'Jata' ecorace is depleting day by day in in-situ condition. In the present study, efforts were made to stabilize the ecorace 'Jata' under ex-situ condition at Ranchi (Jharkhand), where the 'Jata' ecorace silkworms were reared on Terminalia tomentosa for four successive generations during 2006 and 2007 and the cocoons were preserved in grainage house under prevailing climatic conditions. The results indicated change in voltinism behaviour of the 'Jata' ecorace from univoltine to bivoltine. The rearing performance and grainage efficiencies indicate the tendency of 'Jata' ecorace towards acclimatization and stabilization under Ranchi climatic conditions. The 'Jata' ecorace manifests the prospects for acclimatization, stabilization and commercial exploitation.