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Song, Bohang,Veith, Gabriel M.,Park, Jinseon,Yoon, Mina,Whitfield, Pamela S.,Kirkham, Melanie J.,Liu, Jue,Huq, Ashfia American Chemical Society 2019 Chemistry of materials Vol.31 No.1
<P>In this work, we examine the reaction mechanisms driven by the lithiation of Li<SUB>1+δ</SUB>Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1) spinels via in operando neutron powder diffraction (NPD). New reaction mechanisms are proposed involving solid-solution regions within both cubic and tetragonal spinel phases in addition to a continuous phase transition between them. In operando NPD is an ideal tool to follow the light elements such as lithium and oxygen in cathode materials which are often the key to fully understand their structural evolutions. Here, we report a novel methodology to prepare an extremely thick electrode with ∼378 mg·cm<SUP>-2</SUP> loading density suitable for the in operando NPD studies. Enabled by such thick electrode, we find that the metal oxygen M-O (M = Li and Mn) bond lengths in both end members LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and Li<SUB>2</SUB>Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> experience pronounced changes larger than dictated by the change in lattice parameters because of the locally formed Jahn-Teller distorted Mn<SUP>3+</SUP>. First-principles density functional theory calculations confirm these metastable intermediates and further propose atomistic reaction pathways for the phase transition by coupling a global structure search algorithm. These findings redefine the conventional understandings on two-phase reactions of this spinel material.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Surgical Management of Pachyonychia Congenita in a 3-Year-Old
Sudduth Jack D.,Clinker Christopher,Holdaway Matthew,Marquez Jessica L.,Veith Jacob,Wright Thomas,Rockwell W. Bradford 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.6
Pachyonychia congenita is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypertrophic nail plates, hyperkeratotic nail beds, and thickened hyponychium of the fingers and toes, impairing manual dexterity and resulting in poor aesthetics. The current body of literature describes various treatment modalities, but no singular approach has been defined as the gold standard. In this case, the authors employed different surgical techniques for treating pachyonychia congenita to evaluate the most effective approach. A 3-year-old boy presented with hypertrophic nail growth involving all digits of both hands and feet. Three surgical procedures were performed on the patient's fingers and toes using germinal matrix excision (GME) alone, GME plus partial sterile matrix excision (pSME), or GME plus complete sterile matrix excision (cSME). The digits treated with GME + cSME exhibited no recurrence of nail growth. Those treated with GME alone exhibited recurrence of hypertrophic nail growth, although their growth slowed. Excision of GME + cSME prevented recurrence of hypertrophic nails, while GME alone or with pSME led to slower-growing hypertrophic nails. Complete excision of the germinal and sterile matrices with skin graft closure may be a definitive treatment for pachyonychia congenita, but further studies are needed to validate these findings.