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Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in Learning-Related Synaptic Plasticity
Valentina Mercaldo,Giannina Descalzi,민쭈오 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.6
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a lack of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) due to silencing of the Fmr1 gene. As an RNA binding protein, FMRP is thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity by regulating plasticity-related protein synthesis and other signaling pathways. Previous studies have mostly focused on the roles of FMRP within the hippocampus - a key structure for spatial memory. However, recent studies indicate that FMRP may have a more general contribution to brain functions, in-cluding synaptic plasticity and modulation within the pre-frontal cortex. In this brief review, we will focus on recent studies reported in the prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We hypothesize that al-terations in ACC-related plasticity and synaptic modula-tion may contribute to various forms of cognitive deficits associated with FXS.