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Mallikarjuna, M.,Nataraju, B.,Thiagarajan, V. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.5 No.2
Silkworm diseases are major constraint in silk cocoon production. Among silkworm diseases, white muscar-dine is highly contagious and most common in winter and rainy seasons. It is suggested that hemocytes involve in defense against invasion of Beauveria bassi-ana and systemic fungicide/chemicals prevent the proliferation of fungi in the hemolymph or preventing the growth of the fungi in the body cavity through enhancing the hemocyte mediated defense response. In the present study the influence of systemic fungicide on hematological changes in silkworms infected with Beauveria bassiana was reported. It is observed that the total hemocyte counts increased in the hemolymph up to 5 days post inoculation in systemic fungicide treated batches while in the inoculated control the increase was up to 3 days indicating the positive hemocyte mediated response in silkworm treated with systemic fungicide. After 2 days in the inoculated control as the multiplication and growth of mycelia increased, defense capacity of the silkworm was decreased. The biochemical changes were also observed in the hemolymph of silkworm infected with B. bassiana. In silkworm infected with Beauveria bassi-ana, the total protein content increased whereas total carbohydrate and total lipids decreased as the infection progresses. In the case of systemic fungicide treated batches the increase in total protein content was comparatively higher and decrease in total carbohydrate and lipids were comparatively lower than the inoculated control.
( Rohan Jagat Chaudhary ),( V. Sagar Puppala ),( Thiagarajan S. ),( Prashant Bhangui ),( Amit Rastogi ),( Tarun Piplani ),( S. Baijal ),( V. Vohra ),( Arvinder Singh Soin ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: To study the outcomes of our algorithmic-approach for safe optimisation and surgical planning in patients with Hilar- Block. Methods: Retrospective-analysis of prospectively-maintained database of patients undergoing surgery for hilar-block from Jan2013-May2019 was done.Our approach includes Imaging, Biliary-decompression, Future-liver-remnant-Volume(FLR)augmentation based on CT-Volumetry and FLR-function assessment. Results: 45cases of hilar-blocks underwent resections.32were Hilar-cholangiocarcinoma,5-Intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma, 6-Ca-Gall-Bladder with hilar-block,2-IgG4-sclerosing- cholangitis-presenting as malignant-masquerade. The mean age was57±12years and 30(67%) were males. On MRCP, hilar-blocks types 2,3a,3b,4 were 3,15,17,10 respectively. Pre-operative biliary-decompression of FLR were done in 21cases[19 PTBD(Percutaneous-Transhepatic-biliary-drainage)/ 2 EBD(Endoscopic-biliary-drainage)]. Additional PTBD were done in 2 cases for inadequate fall in SB, and 3 for cholangitis. The mean SB(Serum-Total-Bilirubin) at presentation was 9.57±5.58mg/dl. The rate of fall of S.bilirubin was faster in patients < 50yrs of age and type-3 hilar-blocks than in type-4 hilar- blocks. PVE was performed in 14cases and FLR hypertrophy of 11.3± 3.03%was achieved.The quality of FLR was assessed with LAI(n=39),fibroscan(n=17), ICGR15(n=12), HVPG (n=35), and selective-remnant-biopsy(n=14,if HVPG >10 mm Hg,ICGR15> 15%, or in-suspected steatosis or fibrosis).After optimization, surgical procedures done were Right-Hepatectomy(7), Right-TriSectorectomy(7), Extended-Right-Hepatectomy(9), Left-Hepatectomy(6),Extended-Left-Hepatectomy(5), Left-Trisectorectomy( 8) and Bile-duct-excision-alone(3).Eleven patients required concomitant vascular-resections and reconstructions(- 8portal-vein-resections, 2 hepatic-arterial-resection,1both) to obtain R0. R0 and R1 resections were achieved in 42(93%) and 3 patients. Clavien-Dindo-Grade3/4 complications were 22.2%(n=10). 8(18%)patients had Post-Hepatectomy-Liver- Failure.Overall operative-mortality was 5/45(11.1%). Conclusions: Our algorithmic approach for safe optimization by preoperative-biliary-drainage, FLR-augmentation and FLR-functional- assessment have led to a high rate of R0 major liver resection and good outcomes in patients with hilar-blocks.Augmentation of FLR can also increase resectability in borderline resectable cases.
Application of Systemic Fungicide for Control of White Muscardine in Silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Virendrakumar, B.Nataraju,Thiagarajan, V.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.5 No.2
Two systemic fungicides, SF1 (Bavistin, a carbandazim fungicide 50% WP, Rallis India ltd., India) and SF2 (Bayleton 25% WP-Triadiamefon, a Triazole compound, Rallis India Ltd., India) were screened for control of muscardine disease in silkworm, Bombyx mori. One and two percent of SF1 and 0.05 and 0.1 % of SF2 in aqueous solution were found to be effective in in vivo condition for the control of the disease. These fungicides, on feeding through mulberry leaves continuously for two days to 4$^{th}$ and 5$^{th}$ instar silkworm larvae inoculated topically with conidia of Beauveria bassiana (4$\times$10$^{6}$ conidia/ml) resulted in reduction in mortality due to muscardine by over 90% as against 100% mortality in inoculated control. SF1 at 1% reduced the mortality by 90% in 4$^{th}$ instar and 91% in final instar silkworm while at 2%, the reduction was 92% and 96%, respectively. SF2 at 0.05 and 0.1 % concentration reduced the mortality by 82 and 88% during 4$^{th}$ instar and by 88 and 92% during 5$^{th}$ instar, respectively.
Sen, Ratna,Nataraju, B.,Balavenkatasubbaiah, M.,Premalatha, V.,Thiagarajan, V.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.1
Bombyx mori densonucleosis virus type 1 (BmDNV1)- a non occluded virus causes flacherie disease in the susceptible stocks of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. However, some stocks are non-susceptible. Non-susceptibility to BmDNV1 in B. mori is a unique case where the virus infection is completely inhibited by a single gene of the host. A survey conducted by this institute in some parts of Karnataka state has revealed that, 43.05% of the total incidence of flacherie disease caused by non-occluded viruses, are due to the synergistic infection of B. mori densonucleosis and infectious flacherie virus. Earlier study indicated that rearing of BmDNV1 resistant silkworm stock is effective in protecting silkworm against BmIFV also. In the present study the response of 78 silkworm stocks which include 42 of non-diapausing and 36 of diapausing groups, to BmDNV1 is investigated. Newly ecdysed third instar larvae were inoculated per-os with 10% inoculum of BmDNV1 extracted from the mid-gut of infected silkworm. One non-diapausing and three diapausing silkworm stocks were found to be resistant to BmDNV1. Eleven silkworm stocks were found to possess moderate resistance whereas rest sixty three were found to be susceptible to BmDNV1. Genetic analysis has shown that the resistance to BmDNV1 is autosomally inherited and controlled by a major dominant or a major recessive gene in different silkworm stocks. These resistant stocks can be utilized as the resource material to develop BmDNV1 resistant commercial hybrids. The selection strategies, depending upon the mode of inheritance of resistance in the resource material chosen, are discussed.
Kumar, Vineet,Morrison, M.N.,Rajadurai, S.,Babu, A.M.,Thiagarajan, V.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.2 No.2
The stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff.) is a natural and potential biocontrol agent of Spilarctia obliqua (Walk.). The present investigation reveals the biology, predatory efficiency and reproductive parameters of the predator which feeds on S. obliqua caterpillars in mulberry plantation. In order to find out the role of prey sine on the biology of the predators the predatory insects were separately fed with small and large caterpillars of S. obliqua. The incubation period of the eggs of E. furcellata was 8.37${\pm}$0.44 days, while the nymphal duration varied as per the prey sine. The predator when supplied with small larvae of prey, consumed 61.1 larvae and completed nymphal stage in 19.9 days; while those fed with larger prey, consumed 36.1 larvae and completed their nymphal stage in 21.55 days. The prey size also influences the reproductive parameters of the predator, The adult female predator is more voracious feeder than the adult male and consumed 41.9${\pm}$0.64 small larvae and 42.2${\pm}$0.87 large larvae during their life span. The longevity of male and female was observed as 20.7 and 29.4 days respectively. Visualization of the predator as well as the movement of the prey increases the predatory efficiency. Scanning electron microscopic studies on the feeding part explain its support in effective predation. Field observations indicated a drastic fall in the incidence of the mulberry pest, S. obliqua with the increased population E. furcellata in mulberry plantation.