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Variance components, correlation and path analyses in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)
Aliyu Olawale Mashood,Tiamiyu Adeyemi Odunola,Usman Muinat,Abdulkareem Yusuf Folorunsho 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.2
Cowpea as a low-input crop has a potential to signifcantly ameliorate poor nutrition and food insecurity in sub-Sahara Africa if problem of poor seed yield is addressed. Adequate information on the relationship between yield components and seed yield is, however, crucial for the development of better quality varieties to improve farmers’ feld yield. To this end, twelve cowpea accessions of diferent seed sizes and mixed pedigrees were evaluated for two years in feld trials of three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design. Data collected on plant vigour indices, yield components and seed yield were analyzed for variance components, Pearson correlation coefcient and structural equation modeling for path analysis. The accessions exhibited signifcant variation for all yield components including seed yield. In addition, the variance estimates indicated that substantial variations recorded were mostly genetic with high heritability values. Earliness in fowering and pod maturity recorded highly signifcant correlations and direct efect with yield components and seed yield. Positive correlation between precocity and high yield could be exploited in the development of improved varieties with early maturity for the savannah ecology with a characteristic short wet season. Importantly, all seed yield components are signifcantly correlated with each other and to total seed yield. Pods per plant, however, recorded highest coefcient values (r=0.85; P<0.001; 1.38**) for both Pearson correlation and path analysis, respectively, suggesting its importance as a yield component with highest direct efect on seed yield and should be a core selection index in cowpea breeding. The efect of size-number trade-of accounts for the counter-balance of direct efects of seeds per pod/plant (number) and seed weight (size) in cowpea and should be determined on genotype and/or seed size basis during selection. Plant vigour characters had no direct contribution to seed yield.
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