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Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Flower of Alcea rosea L.
Shanta Mehrotra,A. K. S. Rawat,Usha Shome 한국생약학회 1999 Natural Product Sciences Vol.5 No.1
The flowers of Alcea roses L., Malvaceae, sold in the Indian market under the trade name `Gulkhairo`, are well known for their expectorant, cooling and diuretic properties and used in many indigenous cough mixtures in India. The present paper deals with the detailed pharmacognosy of the floral parts including morphological, anatomical, phytochemical and fluorescence characters. Some of the diagnostic features of the drug are : pedicel characterized by multicellular appendages, stellate hairs, rosette crystals of Ca-oxalate. starch sheath and large sized mucilage canals; sepals having distinctive multicellular appendages arranged in a semilunar fashion present adaxialty at their base; monadelphous stamens, pollen grains pentaporate provided with dimorphic spines; placentation axile, ovules campylotropous; dark green fluorescence of the powder with nitrocellulose in amyl acetate and yellow fluorescence of trichomes under Fluorescence microscope.
Standardization and Quality Evaluation of Banafsha
Shanta Mehrotra,A. K. S. Rawat,Usha Shome 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.1
`Banafsha` is an important herbal drug of indigenous systems of medicine. Flowers of Viola odorata L. (Violaceae) are considered to constitute the genuine drug `Banafsha`. However, due to limited distribution of this plant, another species of Viola, i.e. V. pilosa having almost similar medicinal properties, is mostly used under this vernacular instead. Ethnobotanically also different species of Viola i.e. V. odorata, V. pilosa and V. betonicifolia are used for various ailments at different places in our country. In the present study two species of Viola, namely V. pilosa and V. betonicifolia along with the commercial samples of `Banafsha` were studied and authenticated. It was observed that the market samples procured from Dehradun, Mumbai, Lucknow, Palampur, Ramnagar and Ranikhet showed close resemblance with Viola pilosa in having similar morphological characters like uniseriate hairs on the ovary, geniculate and clavate style, truncate stigma and almost similar TLC profiles. On the other hand the Almora sample was identified as Viola betonicifolia by the presence of large purple flowers, clavate style and convex stigma forming hump like structure. However, the market sample procured from Pathankot was found to be a mixture of two species of Viola namely, V. pilosa and V. odorata having dominance of the former species.