Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses in Relation to Salinity Tolerance for In Vitro Selection in Oil Seed Crop Guizotia abyssinica Cass

Savaliram Goga Ghane,Tukaram Dayaram Nikam,Vinayak Haribhau Lokhande 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

The calli cultures of Guizotia abyssinica (niger) cultivars IGP 76 and GA 10 were exposed to different levels of salt treatments (0,30, 60, and 90 mM NaCl), in order to evaluate growth, physiological, and biochemical responses. A significant decrease in relativegrowth rate and tissue water content of GA 10 calli than IGP 76 under salt-stress conditions was associated with higher sodium ionaccumulation. Osmotic adjustment revealed by the osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars) accumulation was significantlyhigher in IGP 76 salt-stressed calli as compared to GA 10. The sustained growth and better survival of IGP 76 calli was correlatedwith lower malondialdehyde content and increased superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activities andhigher -tocopherol content in comparison to GA 10. The higher osmolytes accumulation and presence of better antioxidant systemsuggested superior adaptation of IGP 76 calli on salt-containing medium for prolonged periods in comparison to GA 10. The regenerationfrequency, organogenesis, and acclimatization response of the plants derived from salt-adapted calli was comparatively lower thanthe plants derived from control calli of IGP 76. The growth, physiological, and biochemical characterization of the salt-tolerant regeneratedplants exposed to stepwise long-term 90 mM NaCl treatment revealed no significant changes in comparison to the control. Thus, our results suggests the development of an efficient protocol for in vitro selection and production of salt-tolerant plants in selfincompatiblecrop, niger, and an alternative to traditional breeding programs to increase the abiotic stress tolerance

Differential Osmotic Adjustment to Iso-osmotic NaCl and PEG Stress in the in vitro Cultures of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

Vinayak Haribhau Lokhande,Tukaram Dayaram Nikam,Suprasanna Penna 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.4

The influence of iso-osmotic (-0.7 MPa) NaCl and PEG stress on growth, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense mechanisms was investigated in the in vitro cultures of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. The decreased relative growth rate (RGR) and water content of PEG-stressed calli in comparison to NaCl was found to be correlated with differences observed in the energy expenditure for the maintenance of osmotic balance. Osmotic adjustment in the NaCl-stressed calli favored higher accumulation of saline ions and soluble sugars, whereas PEG-stressed calli confirmed increased levels of organic osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars). Permeability of Na+ ions across the membrane revealed increased relative electrolytic leakage (REL) in NaCl-stressed calli,however non-penetrating and highly viscous solution of PEG amplified the peroxidation of membrane lipids. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase displayed efficient removal of toxic reactive oxygen species in comparison to ascorbate peroxidase in the calli exposed to iso-osmotic stress. These findings suggest that differential tolerance potential to iso-osmotic NaCl and PEG stress in terms of osmotic adjustment appears to be the prime defense mechanism of Sesuvium for its survival under iso-osmotic stress conditions at the expense of reduced growth and water content.

Influence of plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.): an edible oilseed crop

Chambhare Mahadev Ramkisan,Nikam Tukaram Dayaram 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

An improved protocol of direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) and shoot regeneration was developed, for the frst-time, using leaf explants from in vitro raised shoots of Guizotia abyssinica. We have studied the efect of cytokinins and auxins viz. 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), individually and in combination for their efectiveness to induce direct SE and shoot regeneration. MS medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 BAP together with 0.5 mg L−1 IAA showed maximum frequency of explants responding for SE and number of somatic embryos per explant. Somatic embryos germinated within 2 weeks of transfer to MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg L−1 BAP whereas plantlet development with rooting was observed on MS containing 0.25 mg L−1 NAA in the next 2 weeks. This regeneration system increased the efciency of explants responding to SE by 100%, reduced the time taken for SE by 4–6 weeks, minimized the infuence of environmental factors and HgCl2 on response of explant, and also chances of appearance of developmental aberrations due to exposure to 2,4-D and callus intervention. Over 90% of regenerated plantlets survived following hardening and transfer to a mixture of sand and soil. Morphological, cytological, and fow cytometric analysis suggested that the plantlets were phenotypically and genetically similar. The method provides an efcient tissue culture system for rapid propagation and for genetic manipulation studies

Differential Osmotic Adjustment to Iso-osmotic NaCl and PEG Stress in the in vitro Cultures of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

Lokhande, Vinayak Haribhau,Nikam, Tukaram Dayaram,Penna, Suprasanna 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.4

The influence of iso-osmotic (-0.7 MPa) NaCl and PEG stress on growth, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense mechanisms was investigated in the in vitro cultures of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. The decreased relative growth rate (RGR) and water content of PEG-stressed calli in comparison to NaCl was found to be correlated with differences observed in the energy expenditure for the maintenance of osmotic balance. Osmotic adjustment in the NaCl-stressed calli favored higher accumulation of saline ions and soluble sugars, whereas PEG-stressed calli confirmed increased levels of organic osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars). Permeability of $Na^+$ ions across the membrane revealed increased relative electrolytic leakage (REL) in NaCl-stressed calli, however non-penetrating and highly viscous solution of PEG amplified the peroxidation of membrane lipids. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase displayed efficient removal of toxic reactive oxygen species in comparison to ascorbate peroxidase in the calli exposed to iso-osmotic stress. These findings suggest that differential tolerance potential to iso-osmotic NaCl and PEG stress in terms of osmotic adjustment appears to be the prime defense mechanism of Sesuvium for its survival under iso-osmotic stress conditions at the expense of reduced growth and water content.

Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses in Relation to Salinity Tolerance for In Vitro Selection in Oil Seed Crop Guizotia abyssinica Cass.

Ghane, Savaliram Goga,Lokhande, Vinayak Haribhau,Nikam, Tukaram Dayaram 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

The calli cultures of Guizotia abyssinica (niger) cultivars IGP 76 and GA 10 were exposed to different levels of salt treatments (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM NaCl), in order to evaluate growth, physiological, and biochemical responses. A significant decrease in relative growth rate and tissue water content of GA 10 calli than IGP 76 under salt-stress conditions was associated with higher sodium ion accumulation. Osmotic adjustment revealed by the osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars) accumulation was significantly higher in IGP 76 salt-stressed calli as compared to GA 10. The sustained growth and better survival of IGP 76 calli was correlated with lower malondialdehyde content and increased superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activities and higher ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content in comparison to GA 10. The higher osmolytes accumulation and presence of better antioxidant system suggested superior adaptation of IGP 76 calli on salt-containing medium for prolonged periods in comparison to GA 10. The regeneration frequency, organogenesis, and acclimatization response of the plants derived from salt-adapted calli was comparatively lower than the plants derived from control calli of IGP 76. The growth, physiological, and biochemical characterization of the salt-tolerant regenerated plants exposed to stepwise long-term 90 mM NaCl treatment revealed no significant changes in comparison to the control. Thus, our results suggests the development of an efficient protocol for in vitro selection and production of salt-tolerant plants in self-incompatible crop, niger, and an alternative to traditional breeding programs to increase the abiotic stress tolerance.