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Exfoliated graphite: room temperature exfoliation and their applications
Toyoda Masahiro,Hou Shiyu,Huang Zheng-Hong,Inagaki Michio 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.2
The preparation and exfoliation of graphite oxide at low temperatures (near room temperature) to produce exfoliated graphite (EG) instead of rapid heating to a high temperature (conventional process) are reviewed. The exfoliation by microwave irradiation, electrochemical exfoliation and surfactant-assisted exfoliation of graphite are also included because these techniques can be applied under ambient atmosphere, although last two techniques were mainly applied for thinning the graphite flakes to obtain “graphene” flakes. The applications of the resultant exfoliated graphite (EG) for oil/water separation, adsorptive removal of the environment pollutants and microwave shielding are shortly reviewed.
Robust multiobjective optimization method using satisficing trade-off method
Masahiro Toyoda,Nozomu Kogiso 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4
This study proposes a robust multiobjective optimization approach using the satisficing tradeoff method (STOM). STOM is a multiobjectiveoptimization method that obtains a highly accurate single Pareto solution. Conventionally, a robust design is formulated as a single-objective optimization problem, where the objective function is defined as the weighted sum of the mean and standard deviation ofthe performance index. In this study, the mean and standard deviation are formulated as individual objective function. The effect of uncertaintycan be investigated through Pareto surface. In STOM, the multiobjective optimization problem is transformed into the equivalentsingle objective problem by introducing an aspiration level. As the obtained single Pareto solution corresponds to the aspiration levelthat implies the ratio of the designer's desired objective function, the designer can investigate only the desired space in detail throughsetting the aspiration without obtaining full Pareto surfaces. The validity of using STOM for a robust multiobjective optimization problemis discussed using numerical examples.
Exfoliated Graphite for Spilled Heavy Oil Recovery
Michio Inagaki,Masahiro Toyoda,Norio Iwashita,Yoko Nishi,Hidetaka Konno 한국탄소학회 2001 Carbon Letters Vol.2 No.1
Exfoliated graphite was found to sorb selectively a large amount of heavy oil, about 80 g of heavy oil floating on water per 1 g of exfoliated graphite, which is highly possible to be applied to recovering spilled heavy oil. Sorption capacity, selectivity and kinetics of exfoliated graphite were reviewed. The possibility of recovery of heavy oil from exfoliated graphite and recycling of both recovered heavy oil and exfoliated graphite was also discussed. Its sorption performance was compared with other materials which were reported to show sorption of heavy oil.
Exfoliated Graphite for Spilled Heavy Oil Recovery
Inagaki, Michio,Toyoda, Masahiro,Iwashita, Norio,Nishi, Yoko,Konno, Hidetaka Korean Carbon Society 2001 Carbon Letters Vol.2 No.1
Exfoliated graphite was found to sorb selectively a large amount of heavy oil, about 80 g of heavy oil floating on water per 1 g of exfoliated graphite, which is highly possible to be applied to recovering spilled heavy oil. Sorption capacity, selectivity and kinetics of exfoliated graphite were reviewed. The possibility of recovery of heavy oil from exfoliated graphite and recycling of both recovered heavy oil and exfoliated graphite was also discussed. Its sorption performance was compared with other materials which were reported to show sorption of heavy oil.
Kazuki Matsumura,Taro Kinumoto,Tomoki Tsumura,Masahiro Toyoda 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.2
Herein, the edges in carbon materials were quantitatively evaluated by summing the amount of hydrogen and the amount of functional groups without hydrogen in the material. The amount of hydrogen in the carbon material was quantitated via temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) under an oxygen atmosphere, whereas the amount of functional groups was determined via temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of the sample under an inert atmosphere. Consequently, the amount of edges in exfoliated carbon fibers prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (referred to as PAN-1000) was 9.4 mmol g−1. In addition, Ketjen Black (KB) and activated carbon (AC) had edge content of 1.3 and 3.6 mmol g−1, respectively. Because the total amount of functional groups of PAN-1000, KB and AC were estimated to be 8.18, 0.082 and 1.02 mmol g−1 via TPD, the total amount of edges and oxygen-containing functional groups of each sample could be quantified. The difference between amount of edges and the amount of functional groups is speculated to correspond to the amount of edges terminated with hydrogen. This study revealed that detailed information about the edges such as their proportion terminated with oxygen-containing functional groups, the species and amount of oxygen-containing functional groups via a combination of TPO and TPD.