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김두,Dorsey Kordick,Thomas Divers,Yung-Fu Chang 대한수의학회 2006 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.7 No.4
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with 6 different spirochetal strains (4 strains of Leptospira spp. and 2 strains of Borrelia burgdorferi) against 3 antimicrobial agents, commonly used in equine and bovine practice. The ranges of MIC and MBC of amoxicillin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05-6.25 μg/ml and 6.25-25.0 μg/ml, respectively. And the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of amoxicillin against B. burgdorferi were 0.05-0.39 μg/ml and 0.20-0.78 μg/ml, respectively. The ranges of MIC and MBC of enrofloxacin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05- 0.39 μg/ml and 0.05-0.39 μg/ml, respectively. Two strains of B. burgdorferi were resistant to enrofloxacin at the highest concentration tested for MBC (≥100 μg/ml). Therefore, the potential role of tilmicosin in the treatment of leptospirosis and borreliosis should be further evaluated in animal models to understand whether the in vivo studies will confirm in vitro results. All spirochetal isolates were inhibited (MIC) and were killed (MBC) by tilmicosin at concentrations below the limit of testing (≤0.01 μg/ml).
Equine hyperimmune serum protects mice against Clostridium difficile spore challenge
Weiwei Yan,Kang-Soon Shin,Shih-Jon Wang,Hua Xiang,Thomas Divers,Sean McDonough,James Bowman,Anne Rowlands,Bruce Akey,Hussni Mohamed,Yung-Fu Chang 대한수의학회 2014 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.15 No.2
Clostridium (C.) difficile is a common cause of nosocomialdiarrhea in horses. Vancomycin and metronidazole havebeen used as standard treatments but are only moderatelyeffective, which highlights the need for a novel alternativetherapy. In the current study, we prepared antiserum ofequine origin against both C. difficile toxins A and B as wellas whole-cell bacteria. The toxin-neutralizing activities of theantibodies were evaluated in vitro and the prophylacticeffects of in vivo passive immunotherapy were demonstratedusing a conventional mouse model. The data demonstratedthat immunized horses generated antibodies against bothtoxins A and B that possessed toxin-neutralizing activity. Additionally, mice treated with the antiserum lost less weightwithout any sign of illness and regained weight back to anormal range more rapidly compared to the control groupwhen challenged orally with 107 C. difficile spores 1 day afterserum injection. These results indicate that intravenousdelivery of hyperimmune serum can protect animals from C. difficile challenge in a dose-dependent manner. Hence,immunotherapy may be a promising prophylactic strategyfor preventing C. difficile infection in horses.