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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Takashi SOMEYA (검색결과 4 건)
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Kikukawa, Takashi,Shimono, Kazumi,Tamogami, Jun,Miyauchi, Seiji,Kim, So Young,Kimura-Someya, Tomomi,Shirouzu, Mikako,Jung, Kwang-Hwan,Yokoyama, Shigeyuki,Kamo, Naoki American ChemicalSociety 2011 Biochemistry Vol.50 No.41
<P><I>Acetabularia</I> rhodopsins are the firstmicrobialrhodopsins discovered in a marine plant organism, <I>Acetabulariaacetabulum</I>. Previously, we expressed <I>Acetabularia</I> rhodopsin II (ARII) by a cell-free system from one of two opsingenes in <I>A. acetabulum</I> cDNA and showed that ARIIis a light-driven proton pump [Wada, T., et al. (2011) <I>J.Mol. Biol.</I><I>411</I>, 986–998]. In thisstudy, the photochemistry of ARII was examined using the flash-photolysistechnique, and data were analyzed using a sequential irreversiblemodel. Five photochemically defined intermediates (P<SUB><I>i</I></SUB>) were sufficient to simulate the data. Noticeably, both P<SUB>3</SUB> and P<SUB>4</SUB> contain an equilibrium mixture of M, N,and O. Using a transparent indium tin oxide electrode, the photoinducedproton transfer was measured over a wide pH range. Analysis of thepH-dependent proton transfer allowed estimation of the p<I>K</I><SUB>a</SUB> values of some amino acid residues. The estimated valueswere 2.6, 5.9 (or 6.3), 8.4, 9.3, 10.5, and 11.3. These values wereassigned as the p<I>K</I><SUB>a</SUB> of Asp81 (Asp85<SUP>BR</SUP>) in the dark, Asp92 (Asp96<SUP>BR</SUP>) at N, Glu199 (Glu204<SUP>BR</SUP>) at M, Glu199 in the dark, an undetermined proton-releasingresidue at the release, and the pH to start denaturation, respectively.Following this analysis, the proton transfer of ARII is discussed.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bichaw/2011/bichaw.2011.50.issue-41/bi2009932/production/images/medium/bi-2011-009932_0006.gif'></P>
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형광현미경을 이용한 음용 지하수내 배양불능 세균의 관찰 및 정량적 평가
김인기,황경숙,Takashi Someya 한국미생물학회 2002 미생물학회지 Vol.38 No.3
직접생균수측정법(direct viable count; DVC)과 평판법(p1ate count; PC)을 이용하여 시판되고 있는 먹는샘물, 약수, 도시 인근 지역과 축산농가 밀집지역의 음용 지하수로부터 채수된 시료에 대하여 정략적 평가를 실시하였다. DVC법에 의한 생균수는 전균수(total direct count: TDC)의 약 30~80%, 평판법에 의한 생균수는 DVC의 약1~30%로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 지하수내에 배양 불가능한(viable but non-culturable: VBNC)세균이 높은 비율로 존재함이라고 판단된다. 한편, 통상농도의 영양배지(nutrient broth; NB)와 이를 $10^-2 -2/배로 희석한 영양배지(diluted nutrient broth; DNB)및 R2A배지를 이용하여 계수한 결과, 통상농도의 NB배지에 비해 저영양배지인 DNB와 R2A에서 2~50배 이상 높은 계수치를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 지하수와 같이 빈영양한 환경 내에는 통상농도의 NB배지에서는 중식이 현저히 저해되고 저영양배지에서 중식 가능한 저영양세균이 다수 분포해 있음이라 판단되었다. The direct viable count (DVC) and plate count (PC) methods was used to measure the number of bacteria in potable groundwater samples collected from bottled water from the market, mineral water, and edible groundwater near the urban areas and the stock farming congested areas. As a result, the number of living bacteria by DVC was comprised 30~80% of the total direct count (TDC), whereas the number of living bacteria by PC was around l~30% of DVC. Such results show that viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria exist in the potable groundwater with high percentages. On the other hand, upon measuring the value from the conventional nutrient broth (NB), $10^-2$ fold diluted nutrient broth (DNB), and R2A broth, the values from the DNB and R2A showed 2~50 times higher than the conventional NB medium. These results indicate that oligotrophic bacterial groups which can multiply in the low nutrient broth abundantly exist in the oligotrophic environment like potable groundwater.
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