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        Molecular engineering of perylene-diimide-based polymer acceptors containing heteroacene units for all-polymer solar cells

        Suranagi, Sanjaykumar R.,Singh, Ranbir,Kim, Joo-Hyun,Kim, Min,Ade, Harald,Cho, Kilwon Elsevier 2018 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.58 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polymer acceptors based on perylene diimide (PDI) with three symmetrical S-heteroacene backbone units of different sizes were synthesized for use in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). The effects of varying the size of the heteroacene unit on the backbone of the PDI polymer are evident in the absorption spectra and their energy level offsets, which are correlated with their morphological and photovoltaic properties. These newly synthesized polymers were employed as acceptors with the polymer poly[(2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(5,6-difluoro-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c]-[1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT) as the donor in all-PSCs that were found to exhibit modest power conversion efficiencies. The variations in photovoltaic properties of all-PSCs are investigated by characterizing the charge generation, carrier mobilities and recombination. The morphological disorder at the polymer/PPDT2FBT interface and average composition variations are revealed by using grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and resonance soft X-ray scattering (R-SoXS) characterizations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Three perylene diimide polymers with different S-heteroacene building blocks were synthesized for all-polymer solar cells. </LI> <LI> Effects of each building block on the optical, morphological, and photovoltaic properties are systematically investigated. </LI> <LI> Morphologies of polymer blends need an appropriate domain size and purity for better exciton dissociation and charge transport. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells via the controlled growth of perovskite nanowires

        Singh, Ranbir,Suranagi, Sanjaykumar R.,Yang, Seok Joo,Cho, Kilwon Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.51 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are significantly influenced by the morphology of their constituent perovskite films. In this study, perovskite materials with two different morphologies, compact (c-perovskite) and nanowires (nw-perovskite), were prepared with a simple two-step spin coating solution process and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. We found that the presence of partially grown perovskite nanowires in the photoactive layer results in an excellent photovoltaic performance, i.e. a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.7%. The shape and size of the perovskite nanowires are controlled by varying the concentration of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution and keeping constant all other processing parameters such as the spin-coating speed and the annealing temperature. The optimal nw-perovskite film exhibits better light harvesting properties in the visible region, improved charge separation, and high charge carrier mobility. The mechanisms of charge carrier transfer in the two type of perovskites and their recombination dynamics were investigated by performing time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements respectively. Further, with an additional approach, the morphologies and solar cell performances of the c-perovskite and nw-perovskite films are improved by the addition of a fullerene derivative (PC<SUB>60</SUB>BM). These morphological advantages, together with the significant suppression of hysteresis effects, mean that the nw-perovskite:PC<SUB>60</SUB>BM photoactive film could be useful in the fabrication of high-performance PSCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Perovskite nanowires–based photoactive films are synthesized and investigated. </LI> <LI> Optimal perovskite nanowire film exhibits better photovoltaic properties. </LI> <LI> Increased PCE and suppressed hysteresis are obtained for nanowire-based devices. </LI> <LI> The use of PC<SUB>60</SUB>BM as an additive results in more enhanced PCE up to 18.7%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • Impact of the Crystalline Packing Structures on Charge Transport and Recombination via Alkyl Chain Tunability of DPP-Based Small Molecules in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

        Song, Chang Eun,Kim, Yu Jin,Suranagi, Sanjaykumar R.,Kini, Gururaj P.,Park, Sangheon,Lee, Sang Kyu,Shin, Won Suk,Moon, Sang-Jin,Kang, In-Nam,Park, Chan Eon,Lee, Jong-Cheol American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.20

        <P>A series of small compound materials based on benzodithiophene (BDT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) with three different alkyl side chains were synthesized and used for organic photovoltaics. These small compounds had different alkyl branches (i.e., 2-ethylhexyl (EH), 2-butyloctyl (BO), and 2-hexyldecyl (HD)) attached to DPP units. Thin films made of these compounds were characterized and their solar cell parameters were measured in order to systematically analyze influences of the different side chains of compounds on the film microstructure, molecular packing, and hence, charge-transport and recombination properties. The relatively shorter side chains in the small molecules enabled more ordered packing structures with higher crystallinities, which resulted in higher carrier mobilities and less recombination factors; the small molecule with the EH branches exhibited the best semiconducting properties with a power conversion efficiency of up to 5.54% in solar cell devices. Our study suggested that tuning the alkyl chain length of semiconducting molecules is a powerful strategy for achieving high performance of organic photovoltaics.</P>

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        Fluorine-functionalization of an isoindoline-1,3-dione-based conjugated polymer for organic solar cells

        Hwang, Hyeongjin,Ko, Hyomin,Park, Sangsik,Suranagi, Sanjaykumar R.,Sin, Dong Hun,Cho, Kilwon Elsevier 2018 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.59 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the first synthesis of a difluorinated 4,7-dibromo-2-(2-butyloctyl)-5,6-difluoroisoindoline-1,3-dione (dibromoffIDD) unit flanked with 3-octylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridges to form the novel acceptor unit dibromoTTffIDD, which was then polymerized with a donor unit based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) to yield the polymer PBDT-TTffIDD for applications in organic solar cells (OSCs). To determine the effects in this system of fluorination on photovoltaic performance, we designed two electron donor-and-acceptor copolymers, difluorinated PBDT-TTffIDD and unfluorinated PBDT-TTIDD, and studied their properties systematically. The maximum power-conversion efficiencies of OSCs based on PBDT-TTffIDD:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM and PBDT-TTIDD:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM were found to be 4.1% and 3.8% respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fluorinated isoindoline-1,3-dione (ffIDD) as a new acceptor moiety has been synthesized. </LI> <LI> Fluorine substituents on the polymer backbone exhibited unique characteristics in molecular ordering of the polymer system, optoelectric and photovoltaic properties. </LI> <LI> This work may benefit the design of future photovoltaic molecules. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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