Effects of high moisture ear corn on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows

Shang Songlin,Li Zheng,Li Jiajun,Zhao Xi,Zhang Wenjing,Zhang Xinrui,Bai Jinni,Yang Zhiye,Guo Kaijun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.7

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows.Methods: A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period.Results: The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM.Conclusion: High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period. Results: The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Conclusion: High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets.

The effect of the sintering temperature on the properties of porous YAG ceramics

Jieguang Song,Lin Chen,Cailiang Pang,Jia Zhang,Weiguo Shi,Songlin Guo,Xianzhong Wang,Minghan Xub 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2018 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.19 No.1

Pure yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powders and the porous YAG ceramics were prepared via co-precipitation method andusing vacuum sintering technology, respectively. Through an analysis and discussion, porous YAG ceramics, with ahomogeneous and regular pore microstructure, a pore size of about 5 μm, regular crystalline particles, showing intergranularfracture, were sintered at 1500 oC. Porous YAG ceramics, with a homogeneous and regular pore microstructure, a pore sizefor about 2-5 μm, crystals with a rod-shape or acicular structure, showing intergranular fracture and intracrystalline fracture,were sintered at 1550 oC. Porous YAG ceramics, with an extension pore microstructure, a crystalline laminate structure,showing intracrystalline fracture, were sintered at 1600 oC. With an increase in the sintering temperature, the porosity isdecreased gradually and the energy consumption is increased. The best sintering temperature for porous YAG ceramics wasdecided to be 1550 oC through considering the performance price ratio among the porosity, the mechanical properties and theenergy consumption.

Sintering densification and properties of Al2O3/Al cermet materials via powder metallurgy method

Jieguang Song,Yue Liu,Cailiang Pang,Jia Zhang,Lin Chen,Xiling Zhang,Songlin Guo,Xianzhong Wang,Ruihua Wang,Aixia Chen 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2018 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.19 No.2

Cermet materials are important new engineering materials with combined advantages of ceramics and metals. In this study,Al2O3/Al cermet materials were prepared through powder metallurgy. The effect of sintering technology on the properties ofAl2O3/Al cermet materials was analyzed as basis for preparing high-performance cermet materials. Results showed that whenthe sintering temperature was increased from 700 oC to 1000 oC under holding time for 1 h, the densification degree and hardnessof Al2O3/Al cermet materials decreased and the electric resistivity increased. In the microstructure of Al2O3/Al cermet materials,Al particles were larger and continuously distributed, whereas the Al2O3 particles were smaller and discontinuously distributed. When the holding time was increased under sintering temperature of 700 oC, the densification degree and hardness of Al2O3/Alcermet materials also increased, and the electric resistivity decreased. When 25 wt% Al2O3/Al cermet materials were sintered at700 oC for 3 h, the densification degree was higher, with hardness of 2203 HV and electric resistivity of 0.0159 Ω • m.

Preparation and properties of Al-Al2O3 metal ceramics via powder metallurgy methods

Jieguang Song,Xiuqin Wang,Lin Chen,Cailiang Pang,Jia Zhang,Weiguo Shi,Songlin Guo,Xianzhong Wang,Ruihua Wang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2018 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.19 No.1

Metal ceramics are outstanding new engineering materials that offer the advantages of both ceramics and metals. In this study,Al-Al2O3 metal ceramics were prepared through powder metallurgy methods, and the densification and properties of theprepared metal ceramics were investigated to gain insights into the preparation of high-performance cermet materials. Resultsrevealed that as the forming pressure was increased, the relative density of the ceramics increased, whereas their electricalresistivity decreased. The relative density increased with increasing sintering temperature up to 700 oC and decreased beyond700 oC, whereas the electrical resistivity exhibited an opposite trend. The relative density increased with increasing Al content,whereas the electrical resistivity displayed an opposite trend. Under optimal technological parameters of 700 oC sinteringtemperature, < 20MPa forming pressure, and 75 wt% Al content, Al-Al2O3 metal ceramics with a high relative density(97.52%) and a low electrical resistivity (101.34 Ω·m) were successfully prepared.