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        First-principles study on doping effect of Sn in BiF3 as cathode materials for Li-ion battery

        Zhenhua Yang,Shuncheng Tan,Yunqing Huang 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.1

        First-principles calculations were carried out to investigate the structural relaxation, formation energy, electronic structure and electrochemical properties of Sn-doped BiF3. When Sn was doped into BiF3, two common oxidation states of Sn, þ2 and þ4, were considered. In addition, some typical neutral and charge defects (Sn0 Bi,Sn1 Bi ,Sn1þ Bi ,V2 Bi1 V2 Bi2 and V0 F ) were discussed in detail. Calculated formation energies indicate that Sn4þ ion is much easier to dope into BiF3 than Sn2þ ion. When Fermi level lies at the bottom of conduction band, Sn1/32Bi30/32F3 with V2 Bi1 (Bi vacancy defect) induced by Sn4þ ion doping has the most stable structure under the rich-F growth condition. Here, DmSn, DmBi and DmF are 13.18 eV,9.71 eV and 0, respectively. What's more, the crystal structure, electronic structure and electrochemical properties of Sn1/32Bi30/32F3 with V2 Bi1 were further investigated. It is found that the crystal volume of Sn1/32Bi30/32F3 with V2 Bi1 is larger than that of pure BiF3 because the length of BieF bond around V2 Bi1 in the Sn1/32Bi30/ 32F3 becomes much longer relative to the length of BieF bond in the pure BiF3. Besides, the calculated band gap of Sn1/32Bi30/32F3 with V2 Bi1 is 2.70 eV, which is smaller than that of pure BiF3. Furthermore, Sn1/ 32Bi30/32F3 with V2 Bi1 has better theoretical voltage and theoretical capacity than pure BiF3.

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