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Combination of Genistin and Fructooligosaccharides Prevents Bone Loss in Ovarian Hormone Deficiency
Shirin Hooshmand,Shanil Juma,Bahram H. Arjmandi 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.2
We have reported that soy isoflavones are capable of preventing loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in rats due to ovariectomy. The intestinal microflora is important in rendering soy isoflavones bioavailability by facilitating their conversion to equol. Hence, substances that can modulate the intestinal microflora could affect the bioavailability of isoflavones. The purpose of this study was to examine whether combination of genistin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a prebiotic, can enhance the effects of soy isoflavones on bone in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Forty-eight 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham; one group) or Ovx (three groups) and were placed on dietary treatment for 50 days. The Sham and one Ovx group received a control diet, and the remaining Ovx groups received genistin-rich isoflavones diet (Ovx+G) or genistin-rich isoflavones and FOS diet (Ovx+G+FOS). After 50 days, blood and bone specimens were collected for analysis. The genistin-rich isoflavones diet was able to significantly increase the whole-body, right femur, and fourth lumbar BMD by 1.6%, 1.48%, and 1.3%, respectively in comparison with the Ovx control. The combination of genistin-rich isoflavones diet and 5% FOS further increased whole-body, right femur, and fourth lumbar BMD more compared to the genistin-rich isoflavones diet. Our findings suggest that although a genistin-rich isoflavones diet can increase the BMD in rats with Ovx-induced bone loss, combination of genistin-rich isoflavones and FOS had greater effect in preventing bone loss in this rat model.
Effect of Blueberry Polyphenols on 3T3-F442A Preadipocyte Differentiation
Shiwani S. Moghe,Shanil Juma,Victorine Imrhan,Parakat Vijayagopal 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.5
Today obesity is an epidemic, and its prevalence has increased significantly over the last few decades. To avoid excessive accumulation of fat, optimum energy intake along with regular exercise is mandatory. Polyphenols present in green tea, grape seeds, orange, and grapefruit combat adipogenesis at the molecular level and also induce lipolysis. However,very little is known regarding the role of blueberry polyphenols on adipocyte differentiation. Hence we tested the dosedependent effects of blueberry polyphenols on mouse 3T3-F442A preadipocyte differentiation and lipolysis. 3T3-F442A preadipocytes were incubated with three doses of blueberry polyphenols (150, 200, and 250 lg/mL [BB-150, BB-200, and BB-250, respectively]), and intracellular lipid content, cell proliferation, and lipolysis were assayed. Blueberry polyphenols suppressed adipocyte differentiation determined by Oil Red-O staining and AdipoRed assay. Intracellular lipid content in control (11,385.51 – 1,169.6 relative fluorescence units) was significantly higher (P < .05) than with the three doses of blueberry polyphenols (8336.86 – 503.57, 4235.67 – 323.17, and 3027.97 – 346.61, respectively). This corresponds to a reduction of 27%, 63%, and 74%, respectively. Cell proliferation was observed to be significantly higher in the control (0.744 – 0.035 optical density units) than with BB-150 (0.517 – 0.031), BB-200 (0.491 – 0.023), and BB-250 (0.455 – 0.012). However, when tested for lipolysis, there was no significant difference observed among the groups. We conclude that blueberry polyphenols may play an effective role in inhibiting adipogenesis and cell proliferation.
Anti-Inflammatory Action of Blueberry Polyphenols in HIG-82 Rabbit Synoviocytes
Sanique South,Jacquelynn Lucero,Parakat Vijayagopal,Shanil Juma 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.10
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease resulting in joint destruction and disability in the adult population. The etiology of RA is not well understood and presently there is no known cure for this disease. The accumulation and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes may be involved in cartilage destruction. Both in vitro and in vivo studies support an anti-inflammatory role of dietary polyphenols, the bioactive constituents found in fruits and vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of blueberry polyphenols (BBPs) using rabbit synoviocytes stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Rabbit synoviocytes (HIG-82) were treated with varying doses of BBPs and stimulated with TNFα. Stimulation of rabbit synoviocytes with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα increased cell proliferation by ∼19% compared with the nonstimulated control. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with BBPs. Post-TNFα stimulation, cells treated with BBPs resulted in decreases in interleukin 1 beta and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) concentration. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that matrix metalloproteinase 3 increased fivefold in the control TNFα-stimulated group, but was decreased by threefold in the blueberry treatment group. These results suggest that downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and transcription factor NFκB by naturally occurring bioactives such as BBPs may be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing inflammation associated with RA.
Effect of Tart Cherry Polyphenols on Osteoclast Differentiation and Activity
Amber Thomas,Sanique South,Parakat Vijayagopal,Shanil Juma 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.1
Bone is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The presence of inflammation can contribute to an imbalance in bone homeostasis by enhancing differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells that participate in the breakdown of bone. Polyphenols such as flavonoids found in plant-derived foods have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues. Tart cherries are a rich source of such polyphenolic compounds. Using mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), we examined whether tart cherry polyphenols could dose dependently inhibit the proliferation and activity of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) differentiated osteoclasts under inflammatory conditions. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and staining of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, used as indicators of osteoclast differentiation and activity, tended to decrease with tart cherry polyphenols treatment. Osteoprotegerin expression by osteoclasts was decreased in a similar manner. A significant increase in nitrite concentration was observed with the lower doses of tart cherry polyphenols of 50 and 100 μg/mL (P < .05). However, higher doses of tart cherry polyphenols (200 and 300 μg/mL) reduced nitrite concentrations below that of the control that received no tart cherry polyphenols treatment (P < .05). Western blot analyses showed that protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) followed a similar trend, although results were not statistically significant. On the other hand, tart cherry polyphenols treatments dose dependently increased inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression, with statistical significance noted at doses of 200 and 300 μg/mL. Overall, our findings suggest that the polyphenols associated with tart cherries potentially inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activity, which may be beneficial to bone health.
Effect of Vitamin E on Lipid Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats
Bahram H. Arjmandi,Edralin A. Lucas,Tai-Yuan Chen,Sheau C. Chai,Latha Devareddy,Shanil Juma,Cheng-I Wei,Yamini B. Tripathi,Bruce P. Daggy,Deng-Fwu Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.1
The risk of cardiovascular disease drastically increases at the onset of menopause, in part, because of rise inblood cholesterol and unfavorable changes in lipid profile. This study was designed to investigate the dose-dependent effectsof vitamin E supplementation on lipid parameters in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Sixty 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawleyrats were either sham-operated (sham; one group) or ovx (four groups). All rats were maintained on a semipurified casein-based diet (AIN-93M; 75 IU vitamin E/kg of diet) for a period of 120 days. Thereafter, ovx rats were placed on one of fourdoses of vitamin E treatment (75, 300, 525, or 750 IU vitamin E/kg of diet), while the sham group was continued on 75 IUvitamin E/kg of diet for 100 days. Ovariectomy tended to increase (by 24%, P. 0.1) serum nonhigh-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and decrease (by 14%, P. 0.1) HDL cholesterol. Vitamin E did not have any significant effects on serumlipid parameters. Liver total lipids were notably increased (P. .001) in ovx animals, and supplementation with vitamin E at525 IU/kg of diet was able to significantly reduce liver total lipids by 13%. Additionally, ovariectomy caused an increase inserum glucose and liver C18:1fatty acid concentrations along with decreases in C18:0, C20:4, and C22:6fatty acid concentra-tions. These alterations on liver fatty acid profiles were unaffected by vitamin E. The findings of this study suggest that vit-amin E supplementation moderately improves lipid parameters in ovarian hormone-deficient rats.