Synergistic Effects of Leflunomide and Benazepril in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy

Jin, Hua,Piao, Shang Guo,Jin, Ji Zhe,Jin, Ying Shun,Cui, Zhen Hua,Jin, Hai Feng,Zheng, Hai Lan,Li, Jin Ji,Jiang, Yu Ji,Yang, Chul Woo,Li, Can S.Karger 2014 The Nephron Journals Vol.126 No.3

<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background:</I></B> Leflunomide (LEF) and benazepril have renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) through their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. This study investigated whether combined treatment using LEF and benazepril affords superior protection compared with the respective monotherapies. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in male Wistar rats. Two weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were treated daily for 12 weeks with LEF (10 mg/kg), benazepril (10 mg/kg), or a combination of both. Basic parameters (body weight, fasting blood glucose level, and 24 h urinary protein excretion), histopathology, inflammatory [inflammatory cell infiltration (ED-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2)] and glomerulosclerotic factors [transforming growth factor-β<SUB>1</SUB> (TGF-β<SUB>1</SUB>) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)], and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) were studied. <B><I>Results:</I></B> Benazepril or LEF treatment significantly prevented body weight loss and 24 h urinary protein excretion induced by diabetes; combined treatment with LEF and benazepril further improved these parameters compared with giving each drug alone (all p < 0.01). Increased expression of inflammatory (MCP-1 and TLR-2) and glomerulosclerotic (TGF-β<SUB>1</SUB> and CTGF) factors in diabetic rat kidney was reduced by treatment with either LEF or benazepril and was further reduced by the combined administration of the two drugs (p < 0.01). These effects were accompanied by suppression of urinary 8-OHdG excretion. There was no significant between-group difference in blood glucose level. <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> LEF treatment lessens DN, and combined treatment with LEF and benazepril provides synergistic effects in preventing DN.</P><P>© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

A Duplex PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Phytophthora nicotianae and Thielaviopsis basicola

Liu, Na,Jiang, Shijun,Feng, Songli,Shang, Wenyan,Xing, Guozhen,Qiu, Rui,Li, Chengjun,Li, Shujun,Zheng, Wenming The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.2

A duplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of tobacco root rot pathogens Phytophthora nicotianae and Thielaviopsis basicola. The specific primers for P. nicotianae were developed based on its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal gene, ras gene and hgd gene, while the specific primers for T. basicola were designed based on its ITS regions and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. The specificity of the primers was determined using isolates of P. nicotianae, T. basicola and control samples. The results showed that the target pathogens could be detected from diseased tobacco plants by a combination of the specific primers. The sensitivity limitation was $100fg/{\mu}l$ of pure genomic DNA of the pathogens. This new assay can be applied to screen out target pathogens rapidly and reliably in one PCR and will be an important tool for the identification and precise early prediction of these two destructive diseases of tobacco.

A Duplex PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Phytophthora nicotianae and Thielaviopsis basicola

Na Liu,Shijun Jiang,Songli Feng,Wenyan Shang,Guozhen Xing,Rui Qiu,Chengjun Li,Shujun Li,Wenming Zheng 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.2

A duplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of tobacco root rot pathogens Phytophthora nicotianae and Thielaviopsis basicola. The specific primers for P. nicotianae were developed based on its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal gene, ras gene and hgd gene, while the specific primers for T. basicola were designed based on its ITS regions and β-tubulin gene. The specificity of the primers was determined using isolates of P. nicotianae, T. basicola and control samples. The results showed that the target pathogens could be detected from diseased tobacco plants by a combination of the specific primers. The sensitivity limitation was 100 fg/μl of pure genomic DNA of the pathogens. This new assay can be applied to screen out target pathogens rapidly and reliably in one PCR and will be an important tool for the identification and precise early prediction of these two destructive diseases of tobacco.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Top Management’s Behavioral Integration and Organizational Ambidexterity in Dynamic Environment—An Empirical Study based on E-commerce Enterprises in China

Huan-Yong Ji,Yong-Sheng Jin,Jing Li,Hui Tian,Shang-Zheng Feng 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.11

As market competition continuously intensifies, how to cope with existing and potential market challenges in complex, dynamic environments is a major problem haunting Chinese e-commerce enterprises in their strategic planning. In order to solve this problem, the theory of organizational ambidexterity is applied in this paper to the strategic practices of Chinese e-commerce enterprises, and starting from the view of corporate leadership, the mediated role of top management’s behavioral integration (referred to as TMBI in the following content) in the relationship between transformational leadership behavior and organizational ambidexterity is discussed. In addition, against the practical background that Chinese e-commerce enterprises are facing highly competitive environments, further clarification is made herein by using environmental dynamics as the moderator variable for the mediated link. Through empirical tests on 198 samples of Chinese e-commerce enterprises, we find that: 1) transformational leadership has a positive influence on organizational ambidexterity, and TMBI plays a full mediated role in that influencing process; 2) environmental dynamics moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and TMBI, but don’t have a moderated effect on the relationship between TMBI and organizational ambidexterity. According to the research conclusion in this paper, the mechanism of transformational leadership influencing organizational ambidexterity can be better explained when two important factors, TMBI and environmental dynamics, are taken into consideration. The research in this paper provides not only important revelations for the development of organizational ambidexterity research as well as the application of relevant research achievements, but also supports for Chinese e-commerce enterprises’ effective strategic practices in theory.

중국 흑룡강성 간흡충증 관리사업(2001-2004)

지주오,이즈민,왕수유,위안런,거타오,위안샹,추이창위안,거홍안,평정,슈롱치,홍성태,최민호,조승열,최동일,홍광선,임한종,이순형,Ji, Zhuo,Li, Zhimin,Wang, Shuyu,Yuan, Ren,Ge, Tao,Yuan, Shang,Cui, Changyuan,Ge, Hongan,Feng, Zheng,Xu, Longqi,Hong, Sung-Tae,Choi, 한국건강관리협회 2005 한국건강관리협회지 Vol.3 No.1

The present pilot project was executed to recommend a strategy of clonorchiasis control in China. The pilot area of this project was Zhaoyuan, Hailin, and Ningan, Heiloagjiang province. A baseline survey subjecting 4,865 residents in Heilongjiang confirmed Zhaoyuan asa high endemic area and Hailin and Ningan as moderate endemic areas. Six different control strategies were implemented in Zhaoyuan, two were in Hailin, and one was in Ningan. Including the baseline survey and project programs from 2000 to 2004, total 63,274subject-times were examined of their feces for Clonorchiseggs, 26,680 were treated, 10,082 were screened by ELISA, and 6,130 subjects were examined of their liver by sonography. The egg Positive rates in 6 villages of Zhaoyuan were as high as 44.8% 70,0%. Following the protocolof each strategy, the subjected residents were examined of their feces and treated with 25 mg/kg praziquantel, 3 times. Except the control group, all of the villages showed 72.8% to 92.0% reduction of their original egg Positive rates at Zhaoyuan. Mass treatments of all subjected residents in 2001 and 2003 reduced the egg rate from 68.8% to18.7% and 4 annual mass treatments reduced the rate from 44.8% in 2001 to 8.7% in 2004.Selective annual treatments of egg positive subjects reduced the egg rates from 50.8% in2001 to 13.8% in 2004 or from 70.0% in 2001 to 11.6% in 2004, and two treatments in a year reduced the rate from 57.6% in 2001 to 4.6% in 2004. According to repeated treatments, EPG counts decreased remarkably. In moderate endemic areas, the original egg rates were 22.6% and 28.3% in 2001 but were 1.7% and 1.1% after 2 or 3 selective treatments. The present findings of the chemotherapeutic control of clonorchiasis prove that repeated medication is important. The reduction is directly correlated with dose of praziquantel but not with mass or selective treatments. Chemotherapeutic control of reservoirhosts has little effect on reinfection of clonorchiasis because the field along the Songhua-jiang is too wide to be impacted. ELISA confirmed many serologically positive cases to Clonorchisantigen but only a few cases were positive to other antigens (Paragonimus, cysticercus, sparganum). The abdominal soaography visualized intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and periductal echo in 2,002 of 6,070 examined subjects. In addition to these examinations and treatment, health education supplemented tㅗe control activities. The present findings prove clonorchiasis is very widely prevalent and heavily endemic along the rivers in Heiloagjiang. The results suggest that group chemotherapy with praziquantel is effective to reduce endemicity of clonorchiasis. Mass treatment without individual fecal examination is recommended in heavy endemic areas where the egg rate is over 40% while one selective treatment is effective enough in moderate endemic areas.