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      • Diadzein ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in rodents

        Atiq, Ayesha,Shal, Bushra,Naveed, Muhammad,Khan, Adnan,Ali, Jawad,Zeeshan, Sara,Al-Sharari, Shakir D.,Kim, Yeong Shik,Khan, Salman Elsevier 2019 european journal of pharmacology Vol.843 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most commonly prescribed anti-cancer agent. However, its use is associated with several debilitating adverse effects such as intestinal mucositis (IM) and myelosuppression. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major contributors in the development of mucositis. Diadzein is known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities from decades. The present study focused on investigating the effects of diadzein on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU by mainly focusing on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in mice. Mucositis was induced in mice by administration of 5-FU (50 mg/kg, i.p.), once daily for three days and diadzein (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) was administered once daily for seven days. Diadzein pretreatment was found to reduce the severity of mucosal injury in a dose-dependent manner. Diadzein significantly reversed weight loss, relieved diarrhea, and improved histopathological deformities associated with inflammation. Moreover, diadzein remarkably improved the intestinal wall histopathology by reducing inflammatory mediators infiltration and prevented suppression of antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione sulfo-transferase, and catalase) by 5-FU administration. Furthermore, nitrite production in intestinal tissue was reduced by diadzein consistent with the observed modulation of inflammatory markers. Additionally, diadzein also improved the amended microflora profile, by reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria and increasing the abundance of probiotics. Taken together, the behavioral, biochemical and histological outcomes of the present study demonstrates that diadzein has significant anti-mucositis properties in 5-FU induced mucositis model, and the attenuative potential of diadzein might be due to inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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        Особенности гражданского общества в России

        Саввин А. М.*, Шалашников Г. В.(Savvin A. M., Shalashnikov G. V.) 충북대학교 러시아 알타이지역 연구소 2018 러시아학 Vol.- No.17

        The history of political thought is not only a way to study the laws of social development, but also is the basis for the analysis of the available political situation. The Russian Federation and its political life are in a phase of transformation and reformation of the vector of its development. Any people should have prior experience as a model to move forward. The formation of civil society is defined in modern political practice and theoretical research in modern Russia as one of the most important tasks for the new political system. Civil society is formed in close intertwining with the formation of statehood. Their mutual influence and isolation reflect both the world and national experience of the Russian Federation. At the same time, however, there are a number of fundamental questions about the attitude of the state and civil society, the need for the very existence of civil society, its structural elements. The solution to these issues involves the solution of the following research tasks: Analysis of political, legal and economic theories of XVI-XX centuries characterizing the possibility of existence and peculiarities of civil society in Russia. Conducting sociological research aimed at studying the social space of civil society in the region, the involvement of citizens in the activities of non-profit organizations and the attitude of citizens to the innovative development of the country. In the course of the study it was found that the citizens interviewed characterized by “Philistine type”, the features of which ― high solidarity only in the immediate environment. At the same time, people of this type have a low level of trust in society as a whole and a weak sense of responsibility for what is happening even at the middle social distance. The prevalence of this type of inhabitants, including young people, indicates the lack of a social basis for the development of civil society. The public s demand for civic initiatives outside the narrow circle is very small. In addition, the organizers used the weak channels of communication with the population.

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