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Real-Time Brain Activation Detection by FPGA Implemented Kalman Filter
Muhammad Shahid Nazir,Muhammad Aqil,Ambreen Mustafa,Ameer Hamza Khan,Fatima Shams 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
This paper presents an embedded system for real-time multi-channel brain activity detection by implementing the Kalman filter (KF) core on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The KF with a model driven approach is implemented on an FPGA, for the first time as per our knowledge. The model driven based brain activation model and its parameters" estimation methodology by KF is depicted from Aqil et al., 2012 (Detection of event-related hemodynamic response to neuroactivation by dynamic modeling of brain activity). The multiple instantiations of the KF core along with the coding of necessary compatibilities amongst the KF cores and with a single communication core, allow the parallel processing of multiple measurement channels. Through a serial universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter core, the fNIRS data is communicated to the system where it is being concurrently processed in 32-bit single precision IEEE754 format. The proposed fNIRS-KF embedded system is verified by an fNIRS dataset in real-time.
Ce-Substituted Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4: Structural, Morphological, Electrical, and Dielectric Properties
Syed Samar Abbas,Iftikhar Hussain Gul,Shahid Ameer,Muhammad Anees 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.1
Functional nano ceramics, especially rare earth substituted ferrites, havenumerous applications in microelectronics. They have certain novelcharacteristics associated with various rare earth substitutions associatedwith electronics. A series of cerium-substituted cobalt nickel ferritenanoparticles with nominal composition CexCo0.5Ni0.5Fe2-xO4 (wherex = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) was prepared in powder form bychemical co-precipitation and sol-gel auto combustion methods. Sampleswere characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),dielectric properties, and DC electrical resistivity. XRD analysis of all thesamples confirms the formation of the spinel structure of Fd-3m spacegroup. Crystallite size “t” was found to decrease, whereas both x-raydensity “Dx” and lattice constant “a” were found to increase by increasingCe concentration from 8.35 Å to 8.36 Å and 8.37 Å for sol-gel and coprecipitation,respectively. SEM results show the presence of uniformlydistributed and almost spherical-shaped particles for both techniques. FTIR measurements were used to further confirm thecomposition, i.e., cation substitution. The DC electrical resistivity of the x = 0.00 sample is higher than Ce-substituted ferritesamples and in the range of 108 Ω-cm at 373 K. Dielectric spectroscopy is also studied from 100 Hz to 5 MHz as a function offrequency. To our knowledge, this is the first reported research of this particular composition.