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        FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE REDESIGN OF A METALLIC CAR HOOD BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS

        Andrea Sellitto,Aniello Riccio,Giustino Magno,Giuseppe D’Errico,Gianluca Monsurrò,Alessandro Cozzolino 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.2

        Nowadays, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are topical issues in the automotive field, as environmental safeguard legislation constraints are going to get tougher. Indeed, one of the most efficient methods to contain fuel consumption and emissions is the weight reduction of the vehicle. In this paper, a feasibility study on the lightweight redesign of a metallic car hood by using composite materials is presented. In particular, two different configurations, employing composite laminates and sandwich structures, are investigated. The feasibility of each configuration is assessed in terms of stiffness specifications and pedestrian safety requirement. Hence, Head Injury Criteria are employed, according to regulations. Finally, an optimization procedure on the stacking sequence of the composite laminates is performed, to determine, among the feasible solutions, the one characterized by the minimum weight.

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        Stability of coprecipitated natural humic acid and ferrous iron under oxidative conditions

        Colombo, C.,Palumbo, G.,Sellitto, V.M.,Cho, H.G.,Amalfitano, C.,Adamo, P. Elsevier 2015 Journal of geochemical exploration Vol.151 No.-

        Goethite and lepidocrocite are considered the stable species of Fe oxyhydroxides formed from Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> oxidation in mildly acidic soil environments, while maghemite is formed in mildly alkaline conditions. Complexing ligands, especially humic acid (HA), can change the pathway formation of these iron oxyhydroxides from Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> oxidation. This research aimed to assess the influence of HA on Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> oxidation and its effect on crystalline Fe mineral products. Ferrous iron was added to HA at increasing initial COOH/Fe(II) charge ratios ® at pHs of 5.0 and 8.0 and aged at 70<SUP>o</SUP>C for 1month and up to 8years at room temperature. The precipitated products after aging were analysed using XRD, FT-IR, TEM and AFM. The results indicate that oxidation of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> at pH5.0, in the presence of large amounts of HA (R=0.1) promoted the formation of goethite together with ferrihydrite. Oxidation of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> in slightly alkaline conditions (pH8.0) yielded maghemite with small amounts of goethite. Further, long-term aging of HA coprecipitated with Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> perturbed the stacking of the Fe hydroxyl sheets at pH5.0, favouring the formation of ferrihydrite. At pH8.0 the presence of humic acid does not influence the crystallinity of the precipitation products and maghemite was still stable after 8years of aging. This research confirms that the oxidation of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> in soil and its subsequent hydrolysis is a very common process of Fe hydroxides/oxide formation in acidic soil environments. The type of Fe oxide formed depends strictly on the pH and secondly on the rate of oxidation, especially on the presence and amount of organic compounds that inhibit crystal growth. Humic acid are the main organic molecules in soils, particularly in cool, humid weathering environments where they lead to a decrease in crystalline perfection and promote the formation of ferrihydrite instead of goethite or lepidocrocite. These results provide significant insights into the effect of the mobility of HA in association with Fe minerals.

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        Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition is a novel therapeutic strategy targeting tumor in the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma

        Tai, Yu-Tzu,Chang, Betty Y.,Kong, Sun-Young,Fulciniti, Mariateresa,Yang, Guang,Calle, Yolanda,Hu, Yiguo,Lin, Jianhong,Zhao, Jian-Jun,Cagnetta, Antonia,Cea, Michele,Sellitto, Michael A.,Zhong, Mike Y. American Society of Hematology 2012 Blood Vol.120 No.9

        <B>Abstract</B><P>Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) has a well-defined role in B-cell development, whereas its expression in osteoclasts (OCs) further suggests a role in osteoclastogenesis. Here we investigated effects of PCI-32765, an oral and selective Btk inhibitor, on osteoclastogenesis as well as on multiple myeloma (MM) growth within the BM microenvironment. PCI-32765 blocked RANKL/M-CSF-induced phosphorylation of Btk and downstream PLC-γ2 in OCs, resulting in diminished TRAP5b (ED50 = 17nM) and bone resorption activity. PCI-32765 also inhibited secretion of multiple cytokines and chemokines from OC and BM stromal cell cultures from both normal donors (ED50 = 0.5nM) and MM patients. It decreased SDF-1-induced migration of MM cells, and down-regulated MIP1-α/CCL3 in MM cells. It also blocked MM cell growth and survival triggered by IL-6 or coculture with BM stromal cells or OCs in vitro. Importantly, PCI-32765 treatment significantly inhibits in vivo MM cell growth (P < .03) and MM cell-induced osteolysis of implanted human bone chips in SCID mice. Moreover, PCI-32765 prevents in vitro colony formation by stem-like cells from MM patients. Together, these results delineate functional sequelae of Btk activation mediating osteolysis and growth of MM cells, supporting evaluation of PCI-32765 as a novel therapeutic in MM.</P>

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