Effect of Far-Red Light and Plant Age on Morphological Changes and Flowering of 'June-bearing' Strawberry

Seyed Morteza Zahedi,Hassan Sarikhani 한국원예학회 2016 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.57 No.4

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary far-red light on floral induction in the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). The plants were grown in summer conditions with naturaldaylight and an end-of-day far-red (EOD FR; 735 nm) light treatment. In experiments 1 and 2, the plants were exposed to EOD FR for 0, 2, 4, and 6 h daily for 8, 16, 24, and 32 days in July and August. In experiment 3,plants aged 8-, 10-, and 12-weeks old were treated with 32 daily cycles of EOD FR for 6 h. The plants exposed to high temperatures in July did not flower, although their morphological traits were altered by EOD FR. In the coolertemperatures of August, besides significant morphological changes, plants exposed to 6 h of EOD FR for 32 daily cycles produced flowers. The last experiment revealed a significant induction of flowering in the 12-week-old runnerplants, which was absent in the younger plants. These results clearly demonstrate the effect of EOD FR treatment duration, temperature, and plant age on morphological traits and flowering. It can be concluded that flowering in12-week old and older ‘Paros’ strawberries can be induced by 32 daily cycles of 735 nm far-red light in August and September.

Reflected Light Improves Berry Quality and Phenolic Content of Vitis vinifera cv. Askary

Sadegh Jamshidian,Mahmood Ghasemnezhad,Davood Bakhshi,Hassan Sarikhani 한국원예학회 2010 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.51 No.1

The influences of reflected light from transparent polyethylene film and Al reflective film on berry quality and phenolic content of 10-year-old grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Askary) were investigated. The results showed that both polyethylene and reflective films increased the light intensity under the grapevine canopy. The light intensity inside the canopy was improved up to 2- and 15-fold by polyethylene and reflective film, respectively, compared to control. However, the reflected light intensity of reflective film was reduced continuously through growing season. Berry quality under the canopy increased significantly by reflective film and polyethylene film treatment. Also, the berries showed higher soluble solids content, but lower titratable acidity. Furthermore, total phenol content increased about 20% in reflective film treated berries compared to the control. The reflective film significantly induced quercetin and catechin synthesis, and antioxidant activity in skin tissues. However, no significant increase was found for polyethylene film compared to the control. Conclusively, reflective film can improve berries quality and hasten ripening in grapevine cultivated in mountain climates with short growing period.

Accuracy of linear measurement using cone-beam computed tomography at different reconstruction angles

Nikneshan, Sima,Aval, Shadi Hamidi,Bakhshalian, Neema,Shahab, Shahriyar,Mohammadpour, Mahdis,Sarikhani, Soodeh Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.4

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of changing the orientation of a reconstructed image on the accuracy of linear measurements using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty-two titanium pins were inserted in seven dry sheep mandibles. The length of these pins was measured using a digital caliper with readability of 0.01 mm. Mandibles were radiographed using a CBCT device. When the CBCT images were reconstructed, the orientation of slices was adjusted to parallel (i.e., $0^{\circ}$), $+10^{\circ}$, $+12^{\circ}$, $-12^{\circ}$, and $-10^{\circ}$ with respect to the occlusal plane. The length of the pins was measured by three radiologists, and the accuracy of these measurements was reported using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The differences in radiographic measurements ranged from -0.64 to +0.06 at the orientation of $-12^{\circ}$, -0.66 to -0.11 at $-10^{\circ}$, -0.51 to +0.19 at $0^{\circ}$, -0.64 to +0.08 at $+10^{\circ}$, and -0.64 to +0.1 at $+12^{\circ}$. The mean absolute values of the errors were greater at negative orientations than at the parallel position or at positive orientations. The observers underestimated most of the variables by 0.5-0.1 mm (83.6%). In the second set of observations, the reproducibility at all orientations was greater than 0.9. Conclusion: Changing the slice orientation in the range of $-12^{\circ}$ to $+12^{\circ}$ reduced the accuracy of linear measurements obtained using CBCT. However, the error value was smaller than 0.5 mm and was, therefore, clinically acceptable.

Effect of titanium and stainless steel posts in detection of vertical root fractures using NewTom VG cone beam computed tomography system

Mahdis Mohammadpour,Neema Bakhshalian,Shahriar Shahab,Shaya Sadeghi,Soodeh Sarikhani 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.2

Purpose: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is a common complication in endodontically treated teeth. Considering the poor prognosis of VRF, a reliable and valid detection method is necessary. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been reported to be a reliable tool for the detection of VRF; however, the presence of metallic intracanal posts can decrease the diagnostic values of CBCT systems. This study evaluated and compared the effects of intracanal stainless steel or titanium posts on the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VRF detection using a NewTom VG CBCT system. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and sectioned at the cemento-enamel junction. The roots were divided into two groups of 40. Root fracture was induced in the test group by using an Instron machine, while the control group was kept intact. Roots were randomly embedded in acrylic blocks and radiographed with the NewTom VG, both with titanium and stainless steel posts and also without posts. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were calculated as compared to the gold standard. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VRF diagnosis were significantly lower in teeth with stainless steel and titanium posts than in those without posts. Interobserver agreement was the highest in teeth without posts, followed by stainless steel posts, and then titanium posts. Conclusion: Intracanal posts significantly decreased the VRF diagnostic values of CBCT. The stainless steel posts decreased the diagnostic values more than the titanium posts.

Accuracy of linear measurement using cone-beam computed tomography at different reconstruction angles

Sima Nikneshan,Shadi Hamidi Aval,Neema Bakhshalian,Shahriyar Shahab,Mahdis Mohammadpour,Soodeh Sarikhani 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.4

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of changing the orientation of a reconstructed image on the accuracy of linear measurements using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty-two titanium pins were inserted in seven dry sheep mandibles. The length of these pins was measured using a digital caliper with readability of 0.01 mm. Mandibles were radiographed using a CBCT device. When the CBCT images were reconstructed, the orientation of slices was adjusted to parallel (i.e., 0˚), +10˚, +12˚, -12˚, and -10˚with respect to the occlusal plane. The length of the pins was measured by three radiologists, and the accuracy of these measurements was reported using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); p⁄0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The differences in radiographic measurements ranged from -0.64 to +0.06 at the orientation of -12˚, -0.66 to -0.11 at -10˚, -0.51 to +0.19 at 0˚, -0.64 to +0.08 at +10˚, and -0.64 to +0.1 at +12˚. The mean absolute values of the errors were greater at negative orientations than at the parallel position or at positive orientations. The observers underestimated most of the variables by 0.5-0.1 mm (83.6%). In the second set of observations, the reproducibility at all orientations was greater than 0.9. Conclusion: Changing the slice orientation in the range of -12˚to +12˚reduced the accuracy of linear measurements obtained using CBCT. However, the error value was smaller than 0.5 mm and was, therefore, clinically acceptable.

Effect of titanium and stainless steel posts in detection of vertical root fractures using NewTom VG cone beam computed tomography system

Mohammadpour, Mahdis,Bakhshalian, Neema,Shahab, Shahriar,Sadeghi, Shaya,Ataee, Mona,Sarikhani, Soodeh Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.2

Purpose: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is a common complication in endodontically treated teeth. Considering the poor prognosis of VRF, a reliable and valid detection method is necessary. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been reported to be a reliable tool for the detection of VRF; however, the presence of metallic intracanal posts can decrease the diagnostic values of CBCT systems. This study evaluated and compared the effects of intracanal stainless steel or titanium posts on the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VRF detection using a NewTom VG CBCT system. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and sectioned at the cemento-enamel junction. The roots were divided into two groups of 40. Root fracture was induced in the test group by using an Instron machine, while the control group was kept intact. Roots were randomly embedded in acrylic blocks and radiographed with the NewTom VG, both with titanium and stainless steel posts and also without posts. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were calculated as compared to the gold standard. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VRF diagnosis were significantly lower in teeth with stainless steel and titanium posts than in those without posts. Interobserver agreement was the highest in teeth without posts, followed by stainless steel posts, and then titanium posts. Conclusion: Intracanal posts significantly decreased the VRF diagnostic values of CBCT. The stainless steel posts decreased the diagnostic values more than the titanium posts.