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Sidra Khalid,Saira Riaz,Samia Naeem,Aseya Akbar,S. Sajjad Hussain,YB Xu,Shahzad Naseem 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.103 No.-
Production of single-phase materials with multifunctional properties is still a challenge faced by materialscientists. In addition, obtaining high spin polarization efficiency in the materials that exhibit multifunctionalproperties is a big issue. A novel approach is suggested in this work for obtaining multifunctionalityand spin polarization in the same material. This approach has combined the effect of microwave radiationsand aluminum (Al) doping in iron oxide thin films during synthesis. Combined effect of microwaveradiations and Al doping results in controlling / tuning the structural transitions in iron oxide thin films. Pristine and 2–10 wt% Al doped iron oxide thin films are prepared and studied in detail. Raman analysisshows that 2 and 4 wt% Al concentration results in c-Fe2O3 + Fe3O4 phase with 71.3% and 64.5% of c-Fe2O3content, respectively. XRD and Raman analyses confirm the transition from c-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 thin films atAl concentrations of 6–10 wt%. Structural transformation shows that microwave radiations catalyzes thatAl3+ions to occupy the vacancies on B sites of iron oxide thus, lead to the formation of Fe3O4. Observationof Verwey transition ~ 126 K also supports the transition in phases of iron oxide with increase in saturationmagnetization from 251.3emu/cm3 (pristine films) to 405.6emu/cm3 (8 wt% Al concentration). Highdielectric constant of ~ 135.5 (log f = 5.0) is observed for 8 wt% Al concentration. Conductivity anddetailed impedance & modulus analyses depict Mott’s hopping phenomenon along with presence of differentrelaxation times. Coupling between magnetic and dielectric properties is observed at room temperature. Magnetoresistance curves indicate spin polarization efficiency of ~24%.
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