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Khan, A.R.,Ullah, I.,Waqas, M.,Park, G.S.,Khan, A.L.,Hong, S.J.,Ullah, R.,Jung, B.K.,Park, C.E.,Ur-Rehman, S.,Lee, I.J.,Shin, J.H. Academic Press 2017 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.136 No.-
<P>Current investigation conducted to evaluate the associated fungal endophyte interactions of a Cd hyper accumulator Solanum nigrum Korean ecotype under varying concentrations of Cd. Two indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing fungal strains, RSF-4L and RSF-6L, isolated from the leaves of S. nigrum, were initially screened for Cd tolerance and accumulation potential. In terms of dry biomass production, the strain RSF-6L showed higher tolerance and accumulation capacity for Cd toxicity in comparison to RSF-4L. Therefore, RSF-6L was applied in vivo to S. nigrum and grown for six weeks under Cd concentrations of 0, 10, and 30 mg Kg(-1) of dry sand. The effect of fungal inoculation assessed by plant physiological responses, endogenous biochemical regulations, and Cd profile in different tissues. Significant increase were observed in plant growth attributes such as shoot length, root length, dry biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents in inoculated RSF-6L plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants with or without Cd contamination. RSF-6L inoculation decreased uptake of Cd in roots and above ground parts, as evidenced by a low bio-concentration factor (BCF) and improved tolerance index (TI). However, Cd concentration in the leaves remained the same for inoculated and non-inoculated plants under Cd spiking. Fungal inoculation protected the host plants, as evidenced by low peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities and high catalase (CAT) activity. Application of appropriate fungal inoculation that can improve tolerance mechanisms of hyper-accumulators and reduce Cd uptake can be recommended for phyto-stabilisation/immobilisation of heavy metals in crop fields. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
Ullah, R.,Atilhan, M.,Diab, A.,Deniz, E.,Aparicio, S.,Yavuz, C. T. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Adsorption Vol.22 No.2
<P>Porous polybenzimidazole polymers have been under investigation for high and low pressure CO2 adsorption due to the well-built stability under high pressure and at various temperatures. Pressure swing and temperature swing processes like integrated gasification combined cycle require materials which can operate efficiently at high pressure and high temperature and can remove CO2. In this manuscript we report synthesis, characterization and evaluation of two polybenzimidazole materials (PBI-1 and PBI-2), which were prepared with two different solvents and different cross-linking agents by condensation techniques. Low and high pressure CO2 sorption characteristic of both the materials were evaluated at 273 and 298 K. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed high temperature stability up to 500 degrees C for the studied materials. PBI-1 has shown very good performance by adsorbing 3 times more (1.8025 mmolg(-1) of CO2) than PBI-2 at 0 degrees C and at low pressures. Despite low surface area results obtained via BET techniques, at 50 bars PBI-1 adsorbed up to 6.08 mmolg(-1) of CO2. Studied materials have shown flexible behavior under applied pressure that leads to so-called 'gate-opening'' adsorption behavior and it makes these materials promising adsorbents of CO2 at high pressures and it is discussed in the manuscript in detail.</P>