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( Debi Roberson ),( Hyen Sou Pak ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2009 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.10 No.1
A previous study (Roberson, Pak & Hanley, 2008) demonstrated that Korean (but not English) speakers show Categorical Perception (CP) on a visual search task for a boundary between two Korean colour categories that is not marked in English. Moreover, fast Korean responders showed CP only in the right visual field while slow responders showed CP in both visual fields. The present study used eye-tracking to demonstrate that those responders who maintained fixation on a central point showed CP only in the right visual field. Responders who moved their eyes to search for targets showed the effect in both visual fields. These results support that CP in this task is mediated by processing in the left hemisphere.
Activity-dependent silencing reveals functionally distinct itch-generating sensory neurons
Roberson, David P,Gudes, Sagi,Sprague, Jared M,Patoski, Haley A W,Robson, Victoria K,Blasl, Felix,Duan, Bo,Oh, Seog Bae,Bean, Bruce P,Ma, Qiufu,Binshtok, Alexander M,Woolf, Clifford J Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.7
The peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons detect histamine and non-histamine itch-provoking ligands through molecularly distinct transduction mechanisms. It remains unclear, however, whether these distinct pruritogens activate the same or different afferent fibers. Using a strategy of reversibly silencing specific subsets of murine pruritogen-sensitive sensory axons by targeted delivery of a charged sodium-channel blocker, we found that functional blockade of histamine itch did not affect the itch evoked by chloroquine or SLIGRL-NH2, and vice versa. Notably, blocking itch-generating fibers did not reduce pain-associated behavior. However, silencing TRPV1<SUP>+</SUP> or TRPA1<SUP>+</SUP> neurons allowed allyl isothiocyanate or capsaicin, respectively, to evoke itch, implying that certain peripheral afferents may normally indirectly inhibit algogens from eliciting itch. These findings support the presence of functionally distinct sets of itch-generating neurons and suggest that targeted silencing of activated sensory fibers may represent a clinically useful anti-pruritic therapeutic approach for histaminergic and non-histaminergic pruritus.
Unique Hue Judgment in Different Languages: A Comparison of Korean and English
( Hyen Sou Pak ),( Debi Roberson ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2009 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.10 No.1
Three experiments investigated unique hues (Hering, 1878) in native Korean and English speakers. Many recent studies have shown that color categories differ across languages and cultures, challenging the proposal that a particular set of color categories is universal and potentially innate. Unique hue judgments, and selection of the best examples of those categories have also been found to vary within an English-speaking population. Here we investigated unique hue judgments and possible discrepancies between unique hue and best example judgments in two languages. Experiment 1 found that the loci of unique hues were similar for English and Korean speakers. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this result, using both single and double hue scaling. Experiment 3 showed that, in both cultures, unique hue choices depended on the range, and organization of the array from which participants chose. The results of this study suggest that unique hue judgments vary according to the experimental task, in both languages.
Asymmetric Conflicts With Endogenous Dimensionality
( Dan Kovenock ),( Michael J. Mauboussin ),( Brian Roberson ) 한국경제학회 2010 The Korean Economic Review Vol.26 No.2
This article examines a two-stage model of asymmetric conflict based on the classic Colonel Blotto game in which players have, in the first stage, the ability to increase the number of battlefields contested. It thereby endogenizes the "dimensionality" of conflict. In equilibrium, if the asymmetry in the players` resource endowments exceeds a threshold, the weak player chooses to add battlefields, while the strong player never does. Adding battlefields spreads the strong player`s forces more thinly, increasing the incidence of favorable strategic mismatches for the weak player.
Binshtok, Alexander M.,Gerner, Peter,Oh, Seog Bae,Puopolo, Michelino,Suzuki, Suzuko,Roberson, David P.,Herbert, Teri,Wang, Chi-Fei,Kim, Donghoon,Chung, Gehoon,Mitani, Aya A.,Wang, Ging Kuo,Bean, Bruce American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. 2009 Anesthesiology Vol.111 No.1
BACKGROUND:: Nociceptive-selective local anesthesia is produced by entry of the permanently charged lidocaine-derivative QX-314 into nociceptors when coadministered with capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel agonist. However, the pain evoked by capsaicin before establishment of the QX-314–mediated block would limit clinical utility. Because TRPV1 channels are also activated by lidocaine, the authors tested whether lidocaine can substitute for capsaicin to introduce QX-314 into nociceptors through TRPV1 channels and produce selective analgesia. METHODS:: Lidocaine (0.5% [17.5 mm], 1% [35 mm], and 2% [70 mm]) alone, QX-314 (0.2% [5.8 mm]) alone, and a combination of the two were injected subcutaneously and adjacent to the sciatic nerve in rats and mice. Mechanical and thermal responsiveness were measured, as was motor block. RESULTS:: Coapplication of 0.2% QX-314 with lidocaine prolonged the nociceptive block relative to lidocaine alone, an effect attenuated in TRPV1 knockout mice. The 0.2% QX-314 alone had no effect when injected intraplantary or perineurally, and it produced only weak short-lasting inhibition of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex. Perisciatic nerve injection of lidocaine with QX-314 produced a differential nociceptive block much longer than the transient motor block, lasting 2 h (for 1% lidocaine) to 9 h (2% lidocaine). Triple application of lidocaine, QX-314, and capsaicin further increased the duration of the differential block. CONCLUSIONS:: Coapplication of lidocaine and its quaternary derivative QX-314 produces a long-lasting, predominantly nociceptor-selective block, likely by facilitating QX-314 entry through TRPV1 channels. Delivery of QX-314 into nociceptors by using lidocaine instead of capsaicin produces sustained regional analgesia without nocifensive behavior.