Solvent and Solvent to Sample Ratio as Main Parameters in the Microwave-assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Apple Pomace

Sahar Rezaei,Karamatollah Rezaei,Maryam Haghighi,Mohsen Labbafi 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.5

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in the presence of ethanol and water as solvents was applied as a modern technique to extract polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace and the results were compared to those of Soxhlet extraction and maceration. Various experimental conditions such as microwave power, extraction time, type of solvent, and solvent to sample ratio were considered for the study. Increasing microwave power (from 90 to 360 W)resulted in lower extraction yields. Ethanol-water (at the ratio of 65 to 35) was the best solvent for MAE. However,for the sake of higher water contribution in the extraction,a ratio of 35:65 (ethanol:water) can be selected for a recovery of -90% at a shorter extraction time. The best solvent to sample ratio was found at 20 to 1 level. When used for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace, MAE was faster than maceration and Soxhlet methods.

Association between the empirical dietary inflammatory index and musculoskeletal pain in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

Mahshid Rezaei,Zahra Tajary,Zahra Esmaeily,Atefeh Eyvazkhani,Shahrzad Daei,Marjan Mansouri Dara,Mohaddeseh Rezaei,Abolghassem Djazayeri,Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh 질병관리본부 2023 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.14 No.1

Objectives: Inflammation has been proposed to be one of the main causes of musculoskeletal pain. Diet is a lifestyle factor that plays an important role in managing inflammation; thus, we assessed the inflammatory potential of diets using the empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII) to investigate the relationship between diet and musculoskeletal pain. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 212 elderly individuals who were selected from health centers in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated using a valid and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire. To measure the intensity of pain, a visual analogue scale was used. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the association between the EDII and musculoskeletal pain. Results: In total, 62.7% and 37.3% of participants had mild and severe pain, respectively. The EDII values were 0.97±0.72 and 1.10±0.66, respectively, in those with mild and severe pain. A higher EDII score was associated with more intense musculoskeletal pain after adjusting for age and sex (β=0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.26; p<0.001), but not after adjustment for other confounders (β=–0.13; 95% CI, –1.54 to 0.60; p=0.39). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that higher dietary inflammation might not be associated with musculoskeletal pain in older adults. However, further investigations are required to confirm these findings.

SYNDETIC SEQUENCES AND DYNAMICS OF OPERATORS

Rezaei, Hamid Korean Mathematical Society 2012 대한수학회논문집 Vol.27 No.3

In the present paper, we show that a continuous linear operator T on a Frechet space satisfies the Hypercyclic Criterion with respect to a syndetic sequence must satisfy the Kitai Criterion. On the other hand, an operator, hereditarily hypercyclic with respect to a syndetic sequence must be mixing. We also construct weighted shift operators satisfying the Hypercyclicity Criterion which do not satisfy the Kitai Criterion. In other words, hereditarily hypercyclic operators without being mixing.

Commutative Ideals in BE-algebras

Rezaei, Akbar,Saeid, Arsham Borumand Department of Mathematics 2012 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.52 No.4

In this paper we study properties of commutative BE-algebras and we give the construction of quotient (X/I; *, I) of a commutative BE-algebra X via an obstinate ideal I of X. We construct upper semilattice and prove that is a nearlattice. Finally we define and study commutative ideals in BE-algebras.

Fracture resistance of upper central incisors restored with different posts and cores

Rezaei Dastjerdi, Maryam,Amirian Chaijan, Kamran,Tavanafar, Saeid The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.3

Objectives: To determine and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with different posts and cores. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight upper central incisors were randomly divided into four groups: cast post and core (group 1), fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) post and composite core (group 2), composite post and core (group 3), and controls (group 4). Mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions at 7 and 14 mm from the apex were compared to ensure standardization among the groups. Twelve teeth were prepared for crown restoration (group 4). Teeth in other groups were endodontically treated, decoronated at 14 mm from the apex, and prepared for posts and cores. Resin-based materials were used for cementation in groups 1 and 2. In group 3, composite was used directly to fill the post space and for core build-up. All samples were restored by standard metal crowns using glass ionomer cement, mounted at $135^{\circ}$ vertical angle, subjected to thermo-mechanical aging, and then fractured using a universal testing machine. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Fracture resistance of the groups was as follows: Control (group 4) > cast post and core (group 1) > fiber post and composite core (group 2) > composite post and core (group 3). All samples in groups 2 and 3 fractured in restorable patterns, whereas most (58%) in group 1 were non-restorable. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, FRC posts showed acceptable fracture resistance with favorable fracture patterns for reconstruction of upper central incisors.

CONSTRUCTION OF Γ-ALGEBRA AND Γ-LIE ADMISSIBLE ALGEBRAS

Rezaei, A.H.,Davvaz, Bijan The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2018 한국수학논문집 Vol.26 No.2

In this paper, at first we generalize the notion of algebra over a field. A ${\Gamma}$-algebra is an algebraic structure consisting of a vector space V, a groupoid ${\Gamma}$ together with a map from $V{\times}{\Gamma}{\times}V$ to V. Then, on every associative ${\Gamma}$-algebra V and for every ${\alpha}{{\in}}{\Gamma}$ we construct an ${\alpha}$-Lie algebra. Also, we discuss some properties about ${\Gamma}$-Lie algebras when V and ${\Gamma}$ are the sets of $m{\times}n$ and $n{\times}m$ matrices over a field F respectively. Finally, we define the notions of ${\alpha}$-derivation, ${\alpha}$-representation, ${\alpha}$-nilpotency and prove Engel theorem in this case.

Nitrogen and Cultivated Bulb Weight Effects on Radiation and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency, Carbon Partitioning and Production of Persian Shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.)

Rezaei, Ehsan Eyshi,Kafi, Mohammad,Bannayan, Mohammad 한국작물학회 2013 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.16 No.3

Persian shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.) was grown under fully irrigated conditions in a 2-year-field experiment (2010 - 2012) in the northeast of Iran to study and determine (i) radiation and nitrogen-use efficiency, (ii) growth analysis, (iii) carbon partitioning, and (iv) biomass production under different rates of nitrogen and cultivated bulb weights. The field experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of four nitrogen levels (control (100), 200, 250, and 300 kg $ha^{-1}$) and two levels of cultivated bulb weight (10 - 20 and 20 - 30 g) with three replications in both years of the experiment. Our results showed that increasing the nitrogen rate and bulb weight significantly enhanced Persian shallot production. Radiation-use efficiency (1.06 to 1.27 g $MJ^{-1}$), maximum crop growth rate (8.3 to 11.2 g $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$), and maximum leaf area index (1.3 to 2.6) showed a positive correlation with nitrogen rate and bulb weight. Nevertheless, nitrogen-use efficiency (0.87 to 2.38 g bulb per g nitrogen) indicated a negative relationship with applied nitrogen rate. Moreover, increasing the nitrogen application rate increased the carbon allocation to above-ground organs. On the other hand, nitrogen limited conditions increased the carbon allocation to underground organs and carbon remobilization from stem and leaves to bulbs during the late growth season. Increasing the nitrogen application rate and bulb weight may be appropriate practices for enhancing Persian shallot production; however, evaluation of the impact of nitrogen on the quality of bulbs needs to be investigated.

Estimating the Economic Burden of Lung Cancer in Iran

Rezaei, Satar,Sari, Ali Akbari,Woldemichael, Abraha,Soofi, Moslem,Kazemi, Ali,Matin, Behzad Karami Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.10

Objectives: Lung cancer is a major public health problem and one of the most costly illnesses. The study aimed to estimate the economic burden of lung cancer in Iran in 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the direct and indirect costs for patients with lung cancer using a prevalence-based approach. A human capital approach was employed to estimate the indirect costs. Data were obtained from several sources such as through patient interview using structured questionnaire, medical records, the GLOBOCAN databases, the Iranian Statistical Center, the Iranian Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Results: The economic burden of lung cancer in Iran in the year 2014 was 3,225,998,555,090 IR. The main components of the cost were associated with mortality (81.9 %) and hospitalization (7.6 %). The costs of direct medical care, non-medical aspects, patient time, and mortality accounted for 10.8%, 2.7%, 4.5%, and 81.5% of the total cost, respectively. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that the economic burden of lung cancer is substantial both to Iran's health system and to society as a whole. Early diagnosis, strengthening cancer prevention, implementing new cancer therapy and medical technology, and effective smoking-cessation interventions could offset some of the costs associated with lung cancer in Iran.

The effects of Commiphora mukul extract on spermatogenesis and testosterone levels in male diabetic rats

Rezaei, Ali Akbar,Salehi, Iraj,Karimi, Seyed Asaad,Rahnama, Mehdi The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2020 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.47 No.1

Objective: The strong antioxidant activity of Commiphora mukul prompted us to conduct the present study to explore whether treatment with C. mukul extract (CME) would have any protective influence on sperm parameters, testosterone levels, and plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, control animals treated with CME, diabetic animals, and diabetic animals treated with CME. CME extract (300 mg/kg) was administered for 60 days by daily gavage. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg STZ. The epididymal sperm count, weight, motility, morphology, viability, and serum testosterone and glucose levels were determined. Results: In the diabetic animals, CME decreased blood glucose levels (p< 0.05), increased the total sperm count (p< 0.05), and decreased the proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (p< 0.05). Diabetes reduced sperm motility (p< 0.001), and CME supplementation partially reversed this effect of diabetes (p= 0.003). Furthermore, in diabetic animals, CME decreased the proportion of immotile sperm (p< 0.001). In rats, diabetes caused a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in serum testosterone levels (F[3, 28] = 3.283, p= 0.035), but treatment of diabetic animals with CME increased serum testosterone levels. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that C. mukul possesses proandrogenic activity and exerts a beneficial effect on sperm parameters in diabetic rats.

<i>In-situ</i> catalytic co-pyrolysis of yellow poplar and high-density polyethylene over mesoporous catalysts

Rezaei, Pouya Sirous,Oh, Daejun,Hong, Yeojin,Kim, Young-Min,Jae, Jungho,Jung, Sang-Chul,Jeon, Jong-Ki,Park, Young-Kwon Pergamon 2017 Energy Conversion and Management Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and hydrogen-rich materials is an effective approach for enhancing the production of bio-based hydrocarbons. In this work, mesoporous solid acid materials, such as hierarchical mesoporous MFI (meso MFI), hierarchical mesoporous Y (meso Y) and Al-SBA-15, were used as the catalysts for the catalytic co-pyrolysis of yellow poplar (YP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Among three catalysts, meso MFI revealed the highest catalytic efficiency for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from catalytic pyrolysis of YP or HDPE due to its effective pore structure, large channels, and high acidity. Moreover, meso MFI showed the highest synergistic formation of aromatic hydrocarbons during the catalytic co-pyrolysis of YP and HDPE as a result of hydrogen donating effect of HDPE and catalytic interactions between YP- and HDPE-derived pyrolyzates. The amounts of solid residue obtained from the catalytic co-pyrolysis of YP and HDPE over meso MFI were also much lower than their theoretical yields.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Meso-MFI catalyzed pyrolysis of yellow poplar gave high aromatic hydrocarbon yield. </LI> <LI> MFI pore structure, large pore size and strong acidity cause high aromatization. </LI> <LI> Significant synergy occurred between yellow poplar and HDPE over meso-MFI catalyst. </LI> <LI> Catalytic pyrolysis efficiency is a strong function of H/C<SUB>eff</SUB> ratio of feedstock. </LI> </UL> </P>