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- 저자 : Razaque, Abdul (검색결과 3 건)
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Beijing’s cultural diplomacy efforts in Pakistan: Building soft image through internet sources
Abdul Razaque Larik,Shah Nawaz Mangi,Syed Gulzar Ali Shah Bukhari 한국국제정치학회 2022 The Korean Journal of International Studies Vol.20 No.3
This study investigated the role of internet sources in depicting China’s cultural soft image in Pakistan. Using mixed-method approach, it examined six Chinese culturally-oriented web sources and employed the conceptualization of Hartig (2016). Chinese cultural diplomacy in Pakistan was found engaging a wide range of actors, allowing for local actors to play active role, using modern media, and promoting cultural content interactively. The results suggest positive contribution of China Xinhua Urdu, Youlin Magazine, China Radio International Urdu and Pakistan China Institute internet sources. The Culture & Arts page of Chinese Embassy in Pakistan and Nihao-Salam websites were found dormant. The results found females, older and more educated individuals to be more likely to perceive positively-oriented experiences about Chinese culture than their counterparts. The study highlights that more enriched means and improved content on the internet sources should be brought to attract more male, younger, ordinary, and less educated internet users.
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Novel Architecture of Self-organized Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
Rizvi, Syed,Karpinski, Kelsey,Razaque, Abdul Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2015 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.9 No.4
Self-organization of distributed wireless sensor nodes is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since each sensor node has limited energy, bandwidth, and scalability. These issues prevent sensor nodes from actively collaborating with the other types of sensor nodes deployed in a typical heterogeneous and somewhat hostile environment. The automated self-organization of a WSN becomes more challenging as the number of sensor nodes increases in the network. In this paper, we propose a dynamic self-organized architecture that combines tree topology with a drawn-grid algorithm to automate the self-organization process for WSNs. In order to make our proposed architecture scalable, we assume that all participating active sensor nodes are unaware of their primary locations. In particular, this paper presents two algorithms called active-tree and drawn-grid. The proposed active-tree algorithm uses a tree topology to assign node IDs and define different roles to each participating sensor node. On the other hand, the drawn-grid algorithm divides the sensor nodes into cells with respect to the radio coverage area and the specific roles assigned by the active-tree algorithm. Thus, both proposed algorithms collaborate with each other to automate the self-organizing process for WSNs. The numerical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic architecture performs much better than a static architecture in terms of the self-organization of wireless sensor nodes and energy consumption.
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Novel Architecture of Self-organized Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
Syed Rizvi,Kelsey Karpinski,Abdul Razaque 한국정보과학회 2015 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.9 No.4
Self-organization of distributed wireless sensor nodes is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since each sensor node has limited energy, bandwidth, and scalability. These issues prevent sensor nodes from actively collaborating with the other types of sensor nodes deployed in a typical heterogeneous and somewhat hostile environment. The automated self-organization of a WSN becomes more challenging as the number of sensor nodes increases in the network. In this paper, we propose a dynamic self-organized architecture that combines tree topology with a drawn-grid algorithm to automate the self-organization process for WSNs. In order to make our proposed architecture scalable, we assume that all participating active sensor nodes are unaware of their primary locations. In particular, this paper presents two algorithms called active-tree and drawn-grid. The proposed active-tree algorithm uses a tree topology to assign node IDs and define different roles to each participating sensor node. On the other hand, the drawn-grid algorithm divides the sensor nodes into cells with respect to the radio coverage area and the specific roles assigned by the active-tree algorithm. Thus, both proposed algorithms collaborate with each other to automate the self-organizing process for WSNs. The numerical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic architecture performs much better than a static architecture in terms of the self-organization of wireless sensor nodes and energy consumption.
DBpia
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