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Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla,Ravindra S. Swamy,Satheesha B. Nayak,Nagabhooshana S. Somayaji,Mohandas K. G. Rao,Kumar M. R. Bhat 대한해부학회 2013 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.46 No.3
The extensor digitorum brevis muscle (EDB) is a practical option for use as an island flap or free flap when reconstructing soft tissue defects in the ankle as well as in the entire lower limb. It is frequently used to correct crossover toe deformity and other painful toe disorders. We evaluated the morphometry of the EDB in 44 formalin-fixed limbs. Length and width of the muscles were measured. Surface area was calculated as the product of length and width of the muscle. The length of each tendon was also measured from its origin to the point of distal attachment. Presence of any additional tendons was noted. Mean length, width, and surface area of the muscle were 7.39±0.71 cm, 4.1±0.37 cm, and 30.5±4.78 cm2 on the right side and 7.2±0.84 cm, 3.9±0.37 cm, and 28.4±5.35 cm2 on the left side, respectively. Morphometry of the tendons revealed that the tendon of the great toe had the highest mean length (9.5 cm) and the tendon of the fourth toe had the lowest mean length (6.3 cm). Four of the limbs studied (9.09%) had only three tendons. Three of the limbs studied (6.81%) had five tendons, and in one exceptional case (2.27%), six tendons were detected. These observations have significant value and are applicable to plastic and orthopedic surgery.
Jyothsna Patil,Naveen Kumar,Ravindra S Swamy,Melanie R D'Souza,Anitha Guru,Satheesha B Nayak 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.2
Veins of the head and neck exhibiting anatomical variations or malformations are clinically significant. Anatomical variation in the external jugular vein is very common. However, anatomical variation in the retromandibular vein is rare. In this paper, we report a rare case of complete absence of the retromandibular vein. In the absence of the retromandibular vein, the maxillary vein divided into anterior and posterior divisions. The posterior division joined the superficial temporal vein to form an atypical external jugular vein, and the anterior division joined the facial vein to form an anonymous vein. In clinical practice, radiologists and surgeons use the retromandibular vein as a guide to expose the branches of the facial nerve during superficial parotidectomy. Therefore, absence of the retromandibular vein is a hurdle during this procedure and may affect the venous drainage pattern from the head and neck.
Rao, P.Sudhakara,Singh, Ravindra,Kalpana, G.V.,Naik, V.Nishitha,Basavaraja, H.K.,Swamy, G.N.Rama,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.3 No.1
Ten newly evolved bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori L) were evaluated with control hybrid KA${\pm}$NB4D2 during three seasons of a year for their seasonal performance. Analysis of variance and other statistical methods were employed and the performance was observed in respect of 10 quantitative traits. The results showed significant genotype${\pm}$environment interaction with respect to four quantitative characters viz. fecundity, yield/10,000 larvae, filament length and raw silk (%). Environmental effects were significant for nine characters out of ten characters evaluated. A 105${\pm}$J2 and B${\pm}$NB4D2 were considered as highly adaptable hybrids to local conditions with high mean for maximum characters studied and found suitable to rear in all seasons.
Naveen Kumar,Ashwini Aithal Padur,Gayathri Prabhu,Swamy Ravindra Shanthakumar,Ravi Bhaskar 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1
Entrapment neuropathies of the peripheral nervous system are frequently encountered due to anatomical variations. Median nerve is the most vulnerable nerve to undergo entrapment neuropathies. The clinical complications are mostly manifested by median nerve impingement in forearm and wrist areas. Median nerve entrapment could also occur at the arm, due to the presence of ligament of Struthers. Here we report a rare case of proximal entrapment of median nerve and brachial artery in the arm by an abnormally formed musculo-fascial tunnel. The tunnel was formed by the muscle fibers of brachialis and medial intermuscular septum in the lower part of arm. Due to this, the median nerve coursed deep, below the tunnel and continued distally into the forearm, underneath the pronator teres muscle and hence did not appear as a content of cubital fossa. The present entrapment of neurovascular structures in the tunnel might lead to pronator syndromes or other neurovascular compression syndromes.
Eight prehilar branches of the right renal artery
Satheesha B Nayak,Surekha D Shetty,Swamy Ravindra,Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla,Ashwini P Aithal,Jyothsna Patil,Naveen Kumar 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.3
Imaging technology with its advancement in the field of urology is the boon for the patients who require minimally invasive approaches for various kidney disorders. These approaches require a precise knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of vessels at the hilum of the kidney. During routine dissections, a variation in the branching pattern of the right renal artery was noted in an adult male cadaver. The right renal artery divided into upper and lower divisions 6cm away from the hilum of the kidney. The upper division gave 4 branches, and the lower division gave two branches. These two branches further bifurcated and gave 2 branches each. Thus, there were 8 prehilar branches of renal artery. The multiple prehilar branches led to a congested atmosphere at the hilum of the kidney. This arterial congestion might result in hindering the blood flow at the renal hilum. Apart from this, it might cause difficulties in diagnostic and therapeutic invasive procedures. Knowledge of this variation is of importance to radiologists and urologists in particular.