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Sadaf Ul Hassan,Sadaf Ahmad,Muhammad Asim Farid,Sohail Nadeem,Zulfiqar Ali,Rashid Abro,Aysha Mohyuddin,Muhammad Shahid Nazir,Murid Hussain,박영권 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-
Hydrodesulfurization is a common but less effective technique to remove sulfur content of oils due to severe operating conditions of temperature, pressure and cost. Oxidative desulfurization(ODS) is preferable due to low cost and mild operating conditions. Coupling of the extractive catalytic desulfurization with the ODS give rise to extractive catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ECODS), a more promising for the elimination of sulfur contents of fuel oil. Herein we present by polyoxometalate based hybrids, [H2TPP][K5BVW11O40]•2CH3CN•2H2O (1), [H2TPP]2[K3BVW11O40]•CH3CN•3H2O (2), and [H2TPP]3[KBVW11O40]•2CH3CN (3) for efficient ECODS of hazardous model fuel. These were synthesized by facile method and characterized by elemental analysis, inductive couple plasma, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analysis, fourier transform infrared, and UV–visible analysis. These polyoxometalate based hybrids contain cations [H2TPP]2+(organic) and [BVW11O40]7−(inorganic) with stoichiometric ratios(i.e., 1:1, 2:1, 3:1). The stoichiometry of these hybrids was also established by Job’s analysis which agreed well with the results of TG-DTA and elemental analyses. Interestingly, an increase in catalytic efficiency is observed with increase of organic cations. The maximum ∼99.5 % conversion of dibenzothiophene at 60 °C after 2 h has been achieved with hybrid 3 which could be employed up to ten cycles without a significant decrease in efficiency.
Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm trunk via taguchi method
Sundus Saeed Qureshi,Premchand,Mahnoor Javed,Sumbul Saeed,Rashid Abro,Shaukat Ali Mazari,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Muhamad Tahir Hussain Siddiqui,Humair Ahmed Baloch,Sabzoi Nizamuddin 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.4
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and its parameters show a significant role in the quality of HTC products and the distribution of yield. The present study investigates the optimal conditions that are suitable to produce maximum yield products of solid, liquid, and gas, from HTC of oil palm trunk (OPT), by following the Taguchi method. Moreover, all the three products of HTC were analyzed using various characterizations. The optimum runs for hydrochar yield, liquid yield, and gaseous yield were run 1 (R1), run 4 (R4), and run 9 (R9), respectively. The reaction temperature was found to be the most influential parameter that affected the yield distribution during HTC, where low temperature supported solid production, intermediate temperatures favored liquid yield, and high temperature produced higher gaseous yield. Elemental analysis, H/C and O/C atomic ratios, higher heating value (HHV), and energy density values of hydrochar recommended that the HTC process has significantly converted OPT into better energy fuel. The energy densification value of hydrochar ranged between 1.28 and 1.40, which confirmed the significance of the HTC process. Two characteristic peaks from FTIR were observed at 3,430 cm1 and 2,923 cm1 hydrochar. SEM analysis confirmed that the porosity of hydrochar was higher than OPT after HTC. However, the major organic matter in the bio-oil traced by GC-MS analysis was acetic acid, accounting for about 59.9-71.7%, and the outlet gaseous product consisted of 0.87-9.17% CH4, 3.88-29.02% CO2, 1.07-7.89% CO, and 0.31-1.97% H2, respectively, as shown by GC-TCD.