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Raju, Ganji Seeta Rama,Pavitra, Eluri,Lee, Hoomin,Nagaraju, Goli,Baskaran, Rengarajan,Yang, Su Geun,Kwak, Cheol Hwan,Nagaraju, Ganji Purnachandra,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu Elsevier 2020 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.505 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Rare-earth niobate compounds are excellent nonlinear optical materials. Unlike other niobate materials, gadolinium ortho-niobate (GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>) is reported to be inert in the visible region. The synthesis of pure-phase GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB> with a definite morphology suitable for biomedical applications is still a great challenge. In this study, a novel strategy is introduced to successfully facilitate the bioavailability of GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> luminescent material by harnessing the pre-ouzo effect during the synthesis of mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanospheroids. Because of the materialization of GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB> nanodomains, the mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB> nanospheroids exhibit paramagnetic behaviour and allows the strong broadband excitation between 300 and 500 nm, which permits NbO<SUB>6</SUB> emissions to be obtained in the visible region, whereas Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> activated mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB> nanospheroids produce an intense red emission under UV, near-UV and visible excitations. These mesoporous nanospheroids also demonstrate excellent cellular internalization for HCT116 and SW680 colon cancer cells and work in conjunction with optical and magnetic resonance imaging for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of anatomical and physiological functions. The conjugation of chlorin e6 with mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanospheroids leads to efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment. Ultimately, our approach represents an advance in the use of mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanospheroids as multifunctional nanoprobes for multimodal imaging and PDT.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanospheroids were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction method<SUB>.</SUB> </LI> <LI> The formation mechanism of mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanospheroids was reported. </LI> <LI> The GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB> and GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanodomains induced photoluminescence properties were investigated. </LI> <LI> The magnetic properties of GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB> and GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> mesoporous nanospheroids were established. </LI> <LI> Multimodal bioimaging and photodynamic therapy of mesoporous GdNbO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanospheroids were demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Seeta Rama Raju, G.,Pavitra, E.,Purnachandra Nagaraju, Ganji,Ramesh, Kandimalla,El-Rayes, Bassel F.,Yu, Jae Su The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Dalton Transactions Vol.43 No.8
<P>Mesoporous particles are emerging as multifunctional biomaterials for imaging and drug delivery in several disease models, including cancer. We developed PEGylated α-Gd<SUB>2</SUB>(MoO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> marigold flower-like mesoporous particles for the purpose of drug delivery and, more specifically, evaluated their ability to deliver curcumin. The obtained mesoporous particles significantly conjugated the curcumin particles on their surfaces by inducing the formation of curcumin nanoparticles. <I>In vitro</I> studies of the PEGylated mesoporous particles filled with curcumin demonstrated that these particles could considerably facilitate the continuous and sustained release of curcumin into the cytoplasm and nucleus. As a result, the intracellular release of curcumin can inhibit proliferation in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines: MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1. Additionally, the particles showed the increased inhibition of pIKKα, pIKKα/β and NF-κB–DNA binding activity as compared to pure curcumin. The curcumin conjugated mesoporous particles are concentrated in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the treated cancer cell lines. Consequently, these mesoporous particles are an effective method for drug delivery that can cross the biological barriers of the body targeting the cellular nucleoplasm.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The advantage of PEGylated α-Gd<SUB>2</SUB>(MoO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> marigold-like mesoporous flowers with curcumin is to facilitate nuclear localization and release of the conjugated drug, triggering the signal within the nucleoplasm. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3dt52692e'> </P>
Targeting autophagy in gastrointestinal malignancy by using nanomaterials as drug delivery systems
Raju, G. Seeta Rama,Pavitra, E.,Merchant, Neha,Lee, Hoomin,Prasad, Ganji Lakshmi Vara,Nagaraju, Ganji Purnachandra,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu Elsevier 2018 Cancer letters Vol.419 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involving large protein degradation by a ubiquitous autophagosomic signaling pathway, which is essential for cellular homeostasis. It is triggered by environmental factors such as stress, lack of nutrients, inflammation, and eliminating intracellular pathogens. Although the mechanisms underlying autophagy are still unclear, increasing evidence illuminates the magnitude of autophagy in a wide range of physiological processes and human diseases. Simultaneously, research community has focused on the triggering of autophagy by the internalization of engineered nanomaterials, which indicates a new line of revolution in cancer cure. However, most studies on nanoparticle-induced autophagy focus on brain, breast, and cervical cancers; limited reports are available on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Therefore, the aim of this mini review is to discuss in detail the role of autophagy in GI malignancy and the status of research on nanoparticle-induced autophagy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Role of autophagy in GI growth and metastasis. </LI> <LI> Autophagy as a new therapeutic target in GI malignancy. </LI> <LI> Use of nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in GI malignancy. </LI> <LI> Modulation of autophagy by nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers. </LI> </UL> </P>