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      • Atomic and electronic structure of a copper/graphene interface as prepared and 1.5 years after

        Boukhvalov, D.W.,Bazylewski, P.F.,Kukharenko, A.I.,Zhidkov, I.S.,Ponosov, Yu. S.,Kurmaev, E.Z.,Cholakh, S.O.,Lee, Y.H.,Chang, G.S. Elsevier 2017 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.426 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the results of X-ray spectroscopy and Raman measurements of as-prepared graphene on a high quality copper surface and the same materials after 1.5 years under different conditions (ambient and low humidity). The obtained results were compared with density functional theory calculations of the formation energies and electronic structures of various structural defects in graphene/Cu interfaces. For evaluation of the stability of the carbon cover, we propose a two-step model. The first step is oxidation of the graphene, and the second is perforation of graphene with the removal of carbon atoms as part of the carbon dioxide molecule. Results of the modeling and experimental measurements provide evidence that graphene grown on high-quality copper substrate becomes robust and stable in time (1.5 years). However, the stability of this interface depends on the quality of the graphene and the number of native defects in the graphene and substrate. The effect of the presence of a metallic substrate with defects on the stability and electronic structure of graphene is also discussed</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Proposed model of step by step perforation of graphene on metals during process of oxidation. </LI> <LI> Modeling and measurements demonstrate important role of substrate quality for protective properties of graphene. </LI> <LI> Effect of imperfectness of carbon sheet and substrate to electronic structure of graphene are shown. </LI> <LI> Key conditions for long-term anti-corrosion protection are discussed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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