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Pathak, Shiva,Regmi, Shobha,Gupta, Biki,Pham, Tung Thanh,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh,Yook, Simmyung,Kim, Jae-Ryong,Park, Min Hui,Bae, Young Kyung,Jeong, Jee-Heon Federation of American Societies for Experimental 2017 The FASEB Journal Vol. No.
<P>An alternative route for pancreatic islet transplantation is the subcutaneous space; however, inadequate vascularization in the subcutaneous space limits the availability of oxygen and nutrients to the subcutaneously transplanted islets, which leads to the development of a necrotic core in the islets, thereby causing islet dysfunction. Thus, we aimed to prevent the early apoptosis of pancreatic islets after transplantation into subcutaneous space by preparing islet clusters of appropriate size. We prepared fully functional islet cell clusters (ICCs) by using the hanging-drop technique. We optimized the size of ICCs on the basis of viability and functionality after culture in an hypoxic environment. We transplanted ICCs into the subcutaneous space of diabetic mice and evaluated the viability of the islets at the transplantation site. In an hypoxic environment, ICCs exhibited improved viability and functionality compared with control islets. ICCs, upon transplantation into the hypoxic subcutaneous space of diabetic mice, showed better glycemic control compared with control islets. Live/dead imaging of the islets after retrieval fromthe transplanted area revealed significantly reduced apoptosis in ICCs. Transplantation of ICCsmay be an attractive strategy to prevent islet cell apoptosis that results from nonimmune-mediated physiologic stress at the transplantation site.-Pathak, S., Regmi, S., Gupta, B., Pham, T. T., Yong, C. S., Kim, J. O., Yook, S., Kim, J.-R., Park, M. H., Bae, Y. K., Jeong, J.-H. Engineeredislet cell clusters transplanted into subcutaneous space are superior to pancreatic islets in diabetes.</P>
Laser dynamics in transversely inhomogeneous plasma and its relevance to wakefield acceleration
Pathak, V B,Vieira, J,Silva, L O,Nam, Chang Hee IOP 2018 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.60 No.5
<P>We present full set of coupled equations describing the weakly relativistic dynamics of a laser in a plasma with transverse inhomogeneity. We apply variational principle approach to obtain these coupled equations governing laser spot-size, transverse wavenumber, curvature, transverse centroid, etc. We observe that such plasma inhomogeneity can lead to stronger self-focusing. We further discuss the guiding conditions of laser in parabolic plasma channels. With the help of multi-dimensional particle in cell simulations the study is extended to the blowout regime of laser wakefield acceleration to show laser as well as self-injected electron bunch steering in plasma to generate unconventional particle trajectories. Our simulation results demonstrate that such transverse inhomogeneities due to asymmetric self focusing lead to asymmetric bubble excitation, thus inducing off-axis self-injection.</P>
Pathak, M.S.,Singh, N.,Singh, Vijay,Watanabe, S.,Gundu Rao, T.K.,Seshadri, M.,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2018 Journal of luminescence Vol.204 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phosphors with the composition Ca<SUB>1-x</SUB>Gd<SUB>x</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (x = 0.0025–0.09) were synthesized by a simple combustion route in a short time. The formation of the as-prepared combustion products was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis, indicating the formation of a monoclinic phase. The PL spectroscopy assessment shows that with increasing Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration, the ultraviolet emission from Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> at 314 nm (<SUP>6</SUP>P<SUB>7/2</SUB>→<SUP>8</SUP>S<SUB>7/2</SUB>) progressively enhanced. The Gd<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped CaAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> displays electron spin resonance signals with the effective g values at <I>g</I> ≈ 1.95, 2.9, and 3.7. Additional lines were also observed at the approximate g values of ~2.2 and 5.3. Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion located in the distorted surroundings and experiencing relatively strong crystal field, give rise to low field lines. Distorted surroundings in the present system may result from the nearness of the charge compensator oxygen vacancies.</P>
Pathak, M.S.,Singh, N.,Singh, Vijay,Watanabe, S.,Rao, T.K.Gundu,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2018 Materials research bulletin Vol.97 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Gadolinium (Gd<SUP>3+</SUP>) doped Y<SUB>3</SUB>Ga<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> nanocrystalline garnet was prepared by nitrate-fuel combustion technique that involves organic fuel glycine. Sample characterization was performed by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Upon ultraviolet light excitation at 273nm, Y<SUB>3</SUB>Ga<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>:Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> sample exhibits a sharp narrowband ultraviolet B emission at 311.9nm. The electron spin resonance spectrum of gadolinium doped Y<SUB>3</SUB>Ga<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> samples exhibit resonance signals with the effective g values at <I>g</I> ≈2.0, 2.2 and 5.8. These signals are attributed to Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion located in distorted surroundings experiencing a relatively strong crystal field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A narrowband ultraviolet B emitting nano-garnet was synthesized. </LI> <LI> Narrow band centered at 311.9nm, good for phototherapy application. </LI> <LI> EPR results indicate the possible location of the Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion. </LI> <LI> Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion is likely to be located at the distorted dodecahedral site. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Determinants of Customers Churn in Emerging Telecom Markets - A Study Of Indian Cellular Subscribers
Pathak Kavita,Sanjay Rastogi 한국마케팅과학회 2007 마케팅과학연구 Vol.17 No.4
Marketing is said to be a zero sum game i.e. each gain of customer for a firm is always at the expense of some other firm’s customers. Therefore in a marketplace churn is a natural occurrence. Chum in Indian tele∞m market is among the highest in growing telecom markets. By using binary logistics regression analysis based models based covering a sample of 822 Indian telecom subscribers; this paper attempts to examine the determinants of churn. The future churn is found to be dependent on satisfaction level of the customer with the service provider, attitude and loyally of the customer variables, intended churn (i.e. intention to churn) and current loyally (defined as intention to recommend) and distraction (i.e. intention to experiment).