Hepatoprotective Activity of Purified Fractions from Garcinia kola Seeds in Mice Intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride

O.A. Adaramoye,E.O. Farombi,M. Nssien,S.O. Idowu,O.G. Ademowo,E.O. Adeyemi 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.3

The hepatoprotective activity of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds, and its purified fractions was investigated in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The ability of vitamin E to attenuate the toxicity was also examined. KV was extracted from powdered seeds of G. kola and then separated by thin-layer chromatography into three fractions—Fraction I (FI), Fraction II (FII), and Fraction III (FIII), with ratio of fronts values of 0.48, 0.71, and 0.76, respectively. Pretreatment with KV, FI, and FII at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight for 2 weeks and then challenge with CCl4 at a dose of 1.2 g/kg of body weight, three times a week for 2 consecutive weeks, decreased the CCl4-induced increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 31%, 30%, and 31% and 41%, 55%, and 42%, respectively. CCl4 intoxication also caused a significant (P < .05) accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products as revealed by the formation of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances: CCl4 induced LPO levels in serum and microsomes by 112% and 89%, respectively. However, pretreatment with KV, FI, and FII decreased LPO levels in serum by 31%, 41%, and 40% and in microsomes by 48%, 39%, and 35%, respectively. Vitamin E was protective in reducing the CCl4-induced increase in levels of AST, ALT, and γ-glutamyl transferase as well as LPO. Furthermore, CCl4 intoxication significantly (P < .05) decreased the activities of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase, aniline hydroxylase, and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST). While pretreatments with KV, FI, and FII were able to ameliorate the levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and GST, there were no significant (P > .05) effects on the levels of aniline hydroxylase and DT-diaphorase. This study confirms that FI and FII from KV enhanced recovery from CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the extent of LPO and also inducing the levels of phase II enzyme (GST). These fractions are responsible for the observed antihepatotoxic effect of KV.

Effect of Kolaviron, a Biflavonoid Complex from Garcinia kola Seeds, on Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver of Adult Wistar Rats

Adaramoye, O.A.,Awogbindin, I.,Okusaga, J.O. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcoholic diseases in the liver is well documented. Kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds, possesses a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant. Our aim was to investigate in vivo whether KV may attenuate oxidative stress in liver of Wistar albino rats following chronic ethanol administration. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. Toxicity was induced by administering 7.5% or 45% ethanol at 3 g/kg of body weight daily for 8 weeks. Rats were treated with KV at 200 mg/kg of body weight for the same duration. Treatment was by oral gavage. Integrity of liver was assessed by determining the levels of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST, respectively) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The antioxidant status was monitored by determining the levels of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Experimentally, chronic ethanol administration led to hepatotoxicity as evidenced by the increase in levels of serum ALT, AST, and ALP. Ethanol also enhanced the formation of MDA in the liver. Specifically, MDA was elevated by 70% and 98% in animals treated with 7.5% and 45% ethanol, respectively. Levels of hepatic SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH were significantly (P<.05) reduced by ethanol treatment. Co-administration of KV during ethanol treatment inhibited hepatic LPO and ameliorated SOD and GST activities. These findings demonstrated that KV could have a beneficial effect by inhibiting the oxidative damage in liver of Wistar rats caused by chronic ethanol administration.

Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potentials of Xylopia aethiopica Seed Extract in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Sarah O. Nwozo,Bosede F. Orojobi,Oluwatosin A. Adaramoye 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

A short-term study was carried out on Wistar strain rats to determine the effects of Xylopia aethiopica extract on serum and postmitochondrial fractions (PMFs) of visceral organs in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Animals received normal diet and were administered cholesterol orally by intubations at a dose of 40mg/kg/0.3mL, plant extracts at 250mg/kg, and cholestyramine (Questran®, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hounslow, United Kingdom) at 0.26g/kg five times a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Thereafter the hypolipidemic effects were assessed by measuring total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides, whereas the extent of oxidative stress was assayed by measuring thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances and enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in serum and PMF of liver and kidney. We assayed two liver biomarkers—alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase—for safety of X. aethiopica at the dose given in this experiment. Cholesterol feeding resulted in a significant increase (P<.05) in body weight of the hypercholesterolemic animals relative to control animals, and administration of X. aethiopica (250mg/kg) caused a more than 60% reduction in body weight. Simultaneous treatment with X. aethiopica and Questran elicited 33.75% and 23.94% reductions, respectively, in serum cholesterol levels of hypercholesterolemic rats. In addition, the LDL-C level decreased significantly (P<.05) by 49.09% and 78.92% in serum and by 64.97% and 37.29% in the liver with cotreatment with the plant extract and Questran, respectively, compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. X. aethiopica counteracted the decreases in enzymatic antioxidants, especially in GSH, where there was a greater than 300% increase compared with hypercholesterolemic animals. This study has shown that intake of X. aethiopica reduced the composition of lipids and produced a favorable lipid profile in the serum and PMF of visceral organs in experimental hypercholesterolemia.

Hypolipidemic Effect of Telfairia occidentalis (Fluted Pumpkin) in Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Rich Diet

O.A. Adaramoye,J. Achem,O.O. Akintayo,M.A. Fafunso 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.2

Telfairia occidentalis(fluted pumpkin) is one of the commonly consumed leafy vegetables in Nigeria. In or-der to justify its inclusion in herbal preparations in African traditional medicine, the possible hypolipidemic effect of this veg-

Effect of Kolaviron, a Biflavonoid Complex from Garcinia kola Seeds, on Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver of Adult Wistar Rats

O.A. Adaramoye,I. Awogbindin,J.O. Okusaga 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcoholic diseases in the liver is well documented. Kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds, possesses a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant. Our aim was to investigate in vivo whether KV may attenuate oxidative stress in liver of Wistar albino rats following chronic ethanol administration. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. Toxicity was induced by administering 7.5% or 45% ethanol at 3g/kg of body weight daily for 8 weeks. Rats were treated with KV at 200mg/kg of body weight for the same duration. Treatment was by oral gavage. Integrity of liver was assessed by determining the levels of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST, respectively) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The antioxidant status was monitored by determining the levels of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Experimentally, chronic ethanol administration led to hepatotoxicity as evidenced by the increase in levels of serum ALT, AST, and ALP. Ethanol also enhanced the formation of MDA in the liver. Specifically, MDA was elevated by 70% and 98% in animals treated with 7.5% and 45% ethanol, respectively. Levels of hepatic SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH were significantly (P<.05) reduced by ethanol treatment. Co-administration of KV during ethanol treatment inhibited hepatic LPO and ameliorated SOD and GST activities. These findings demonstrated that KV could have a beneficial effect by inhibiting the oxidative damage in liver of Wistar rats caused by chronic ethanol administration.