http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Variant muscle fibers connecting the orbicularis oculi to the orbicularis oris: case report
Norio Kitagawa,Joe Iwanaga,R. Shane Tubbs,Hongtae Kim,Yong-Suk Moon,Mi-Sun Hur 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.4
The orbicularis oculi (OOc) is a sphincteric muscle of the eyelids, whereas contraction of the orbicularis oris (OOr), another sphincteric muscle, causes narrowing of the lips. Facial muscle fibers normally blend with adjacent muscles. However, muscle fibers connecting the various facial muscles that have different actions and that are located at distant sites, such as the OOc and the OOr have been rarely reported. Herein, we report a rare case of connecting fibers between the inferior margin of the OOc and the OOr. These connecting fibers were blended with the OOr between the inserting fibers of the levator labii superioris and levator anguli oris. Contraction of such variant muscles might affect typical facial expressions.
The notch of the mandible: what do different fields call it?
Norio Kitagawa,Keiko Fukino,Yuki Matsushita,Soichiro Ibaragi,R. Shane Tubbs,Joe Iwanaga 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.3
The bony notch on the inferior border of the mandible, anterior to the attachment of the masseter muscle, wherethe facial vessels commonly pass, has been called different names in the literature, e.g., premasseteric notch, antegonial notch,and notch for the facial vessels. Interestingly, various disciplines have leaned toward different names for this notch. Therefore, to aid in consistent communication among professionals, the present study aimed to analyze usage of these varied terms and make recommendations for the best terminology. Based on the adjacent anatomical structures used to name this notch, three groups were analyzed in this study, a group using masseter in the term, a group using gonion in the term, and a group using facial vessels in the term. A literature search found that the group using gonion in the term was found most in the literature. The orthodontics field used gonion in the term the most (29.0%: 31/107) followed by the oral and maxillofacial surgery field (14.0%: 15/107), the plastic surgery field (4.7%: 5/107), and the anatomy field (3.7%: 4/107). The dental field used gonion in this term the most (43.9%: 47/107) and the medical field used facial vessels in the term the most (33.3%: 6/18). Based on these results, the use of gonial terms for this notch seems to be preferred.
The pterygomandibular raphe: a comprehensive review
Rithvik Vutukuri,Norio Kitagawa,Keiko Fukino,R. Shane Tubbs,Joe Iwanaga,Norio Kitagawa 대한해부학회 2024 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.57 No.1
The pterygomandibular raphe (PMR) is a tendinous structure connecting the bucinator and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. With its implications in the spread of oral cancer, the proper treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, and dental procedures, it is important to obtain a thorough understanding of the PMR. We reviewed the existing literature to compile the published information regarding its anatomy, embryology, imaging, variations, functions, pathologies, and clinical relevance of the pterygomandibular raphe.