A method of determining optimum sections suitable for the simultaneous extraction of coalbed methane from 3# and 15# coal seams in the Wangcun-Xiadian Block and its application

Fengfeng Du,Xiaoming Ni,Runsheng Lv,Xuxing Feng 한국지질과학협의회 2023 Geosciences Journal Vol.27 No.2

In addition to reservoir geological factors, economic benefits are another important factor that determines the feasibility of co-layer drainage. In view of this, this paper takes the 3# and 15# coal seams in the Wangcun-Xiadian block of the Qinshui Basin (Shanxi Province, China) as the research object, adopts the step-by-step method to summarize the geological influencing factors and thresholds of the drainage of the total combined seam, and eliminates the unsuitable geological conditions blocks for layer development. Using the productivity numerical simulation software combined with the constructed economic evaluation model, the suitable blocks for co-production in this zone were identified. The one-sidedness of the evaluation results caused by only considering the geological reservoir conditions is avoided, and the practicability of the evaluation results is guaranteed. The results indicate that the difference of formation liquid supply capacity between the two layers of coal is the key factor affecting combined layer drainage. When the gas content of 3# coal seam is 8,15m3/t and the post-fracturing permeability exceeds 5.17 × 10−3μm2 and 1.13 × 10−3μm2 respectively, it is suitable for single development of 3# coal seam. When the geological conditions for commingled production are met, it is suitable for simultaneous development of 3# and 15# when the permeability after fracturing exceeds 6.27 × 10−3μm2 and 1.31 × 10−3μm2 respectively under the same gas content. The study methodology considers both geological reservoirs and economic benefits, which can more objectively and accurately evaluate the suitable development blocks.

Effects of inulin diet supplementation on production performance, gut traits, and incidence of ascites in Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions

Ding Baoan,Chen Lingyun,Lin Hao,Wang Xiezhong,Zhang Licheng,Ni Xiaoming,Pirone Andrea,Madigosky Stephen R.,Fronte Baldassare 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.3

Objective: Effects of inulin supplementation in diet of Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions on production performance, intestinal morphologic change, microflora contents and the incidence of ascites were studied. Methods: Commercial male chicks (360) were randomly divided into 6 groups and were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg of inulin, respectively. Results: The body weight gain and feed intake were improved in chicks fed the diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg of inulin, from d 1 to d 42 (p<0.05); moreover, blood parameters were positively affected when inulin was included in the diets and the thickness of the intestinal wall and muscle tissue in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tended to increase (p<0.05), and the villi height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). Regarding the number of goblet cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum tended to increase when chicks were fed the diets supplemented with 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg (p<0.05) of inulin. When chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 or 0.1 g/kg of inulin, a significant reduction of Escherichia coli counts in the cecum was observed; for a contrary, a significant increment of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was observed in cecum and ileum. Finally, supplementing the feed with inulin determined an overall reduction of ascites incidences in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Thus, the results observed in the present study clearly suggest that the diet supplementation with a quantity of inulin ranging between 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg, can improve growth performances, intestinal morphology, internal microbial balance and ascites incidence, in broiler chicks raised at high altitude area. Even though these findings may be of interest for the poultry industry, they may particularly be relevant in those areas characterized by high altitude such as Northwest China regions. Objective: Effects of inulin supplementation in diet of Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions on production performance, intestinal morphologic change, microflora contents and the incidence of ascites were studied.Methods: Commercial male chicks (360) were randomly divided into 6 groups and were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg of inulin, respectively.Results: The body weight gain and feed intake were improved in chicks fed the diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg of inulin, from d 1 to d 42 (p<0.05); moreover, blood parameters were positively affected when inulin was included in the diets and the thickness of the intestinal wall and muscle tissue in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tended to increase (p<0.05), and the villi height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). Regarding the number of goblet cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum tended to increase when chicks were fed the diets supplemented with 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg (p<0.05) of inulin. When chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 or 0.1 g/kg of inulin, a significant reduction of <i>Escherichia coli</i> counts in the cecum was observed; for a contrary, a significant increment of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> was observed in cecum and ileum. Finally, supplementing the feed with inulin determined an overall reduction of ascites incidences in comparison to the control group.Conclusion: Thus, the results observed in the present study clearly suggest that the diet supplementation with a quantity of inulin ranging between 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg, can improve growth performances, intestinal morphology, internal microbial balance and ascites incidence, in broiler chicks raised at high altitude area. Even though these findings may be of interest for the poultry industry, they may particularly be relevant in those areas characterized by high altitude such as Northwest China regions.

Mechanisms and kinetics of zinc and iron separation enhanced by calcified carbothermal reduction for electric arc furnace dust

Jiayong Qiu,Shui Yu,Jiugang Shao,Kaiqi Zhu,Dianchun Ju,Chunyu Chen,Dexing Qi,Fei Wang,Ni Bai,Rui Mao,Xiaoming Wang 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.4

A high basicity charge prepared with electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), carbonaceous reducing agent and CaO is proposed. The mechanisms of enhancing separation of zinc and iron by calcified carbothermic reduction of the high basicity charge were analyzed by combining thermal analysis kinetics and experiment. The influences of roasting temperature, carbon ratio (nc/no, molar ratio of carbon in graphitic carbon powder to oxygen in EAFD), and CaO dosage on phase transition and dezincification ratio in EAFD were investigated. The results show that the intermediates Ca2Fe2O5 and Fe0.85−xZnxO can be produced from the zinc-iron separation of zinc ferrate during the process of calcified carbothermic reduction of EAFD. Addition of CaO and C results in the following transition pathways: ZnFe2O4+ CaO→Ca2Fe2O5+ZnO→Ca2Fe2O5+Zn(g)→CaO+Fe; Fe0.85−xZnxO+CaO→Ca2Fe2O5+FeO+ZnO→CaO+Fe+Zn(g). In the range of nc/no of 0.4–1.2 and roasting temperature of 1,000–1,100 °C, the addition of CaO can promote reduction and dezincification. Based on the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Coats-Redfern methods, the kinetic results show that the calcified carbothermic reduction process can be divided into three stages: initial stage (α=0–0.3), middle stage (α=0.3–0.45), and final stage (α=0.45–1.0). The average activation energy of the initial stage is 305.01 kJ·mol−1, and the reaction mechanism is one-dimensional diffusion. The average activation energy is 315.67 kJ·mol−1 for the middle stage and 288.22 kJ·mol−1 for the final stage. The chemical reaction equation is found to be the most suitable mechanism in the medium and final stages. It is also found that the addition of CaO can reduce the average activation energy by about 32 kJ·mol−1 and shorten the intermediate stage of the reaction.