Anatomical variations in the cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of the foot

Vanishri S. Nayak,Vanishri S. Nayak,Nandini Bhat,Sunil S. Nayak,Suhani Sumalatha 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1

Generally among the branches of common peroneal nerve, the superficial peroneal nerve provides cutaneous innervation to major part of the dorsum of the foot whereas the deep peroneal nerve innervates the skin over the first interdigital cleft region. The sural and saphenous nerves supplies the smaller lateral and medial margins of the dorsum respectively. The present study has been taken to classify the patterns of innervations of the nerves on the dorsum of the foot in South Indian population. A total of 40 formalin fixed lower limbs from 20 adult cadavers (15 males, 5 females) aged between 35 to 60 years were dissected and the branching patterns of nerves on the dorsum of the foot were noted and specimens were photographed. Gross anatomical variations were noted in the branching pattern of superficial peroneal, deep peroneal and sural nerve on the dorsum of foot. Results obtained in our study were classified into four groups. The cutaneous nerves are at risk of iatrogenic injuries during surgeries involving ankle, open reduction and internal fixation of fracture, arthroscopy etc. Knowledge of such anatomical variations of the nerves provides information to clinicians to avoid injury to them in real clinical situations.

Multiple renal veins clogging the hilum of the right kidney

Satheesha B Nayak(Satheesha B Nayak ),Narendra Pamidi(Narendra Pamidi ),Vasanthakumar Packirisamy(Vasanthakumar Packirisamy ),Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva(Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

Knowledge of variations of renal vessels is of utmost importance in retroperitoneal surgeries and kidney transplant surgeries. We report concurrent variations of the right renal vessels, observed in an adult male cadaver during dissection classes. The right kidney was supplied by three renal arteries, out of which two entered the kidney through the hilum and the other one entered through the lower pole of the kidney. There were five renal veins, emerging independently from the hilum and opening separately through five openings into the inferior vena cava. Among the veins, only one emerged anterior to the renal pelvis and the other four emerged behind it. Four of them terminated into the posterolateral aspect of the inferior vena cava, whereas one terminated into its anterior aspect. Fourth vein from above, received the right testicular vein. The renal hilum was clogged with the presence of seven vessels and renal pelvis.

Nanocomposites from Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) Blend with Organoclay

Nayak, P. L.,Sasmal, A.,Nayak, P.,Sahoo, S.,Mishra, J. K.,Kang, S. C.,Lee, J. W.,Chang, Y. W. Taylor Francis 2008 Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials Vol.47 No.6

Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of Host-Pathogen Relationship in Rice-Bacterial Blight Pathosystem

Nayak, D.,Bose, L.K.,Singh, S.,Nayak, P. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.3

Host-pathogen interaction in rice bacterial blight pathosystem was analyzed for a better understanding of their relationship and recognition of stable pathogenicity among the populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total number of 52 bacterial strains isolated from diseased leaf samples collected from 12 rice growing states and one Union Territory of India, were inoculated on 16 rice varieties, each possessing known genes for resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that the host genotypes(G) accounted for largest(78.4%) proportion of the total sum of squares(SS), followed by 16.5% due to the pathogen isolates(I) and 5.1% due to the $I{\times}G$ interactions. Application of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction(AMMI) model revealed that the first two interaction principal component axes(IPCA) accounted for 66.8% and 21.5% of the interaction SS, respectively. The biplot generated using the isolate and genotypic scores of the first two IPCAs revealed groups of host genotypes and pathogen isolates falling into four sectors. A group of five isolates with high virulence, high absolute IPCA-1 scores, moderate IPCA-2 scores, low AMMI stability index '$D_i$' values and minimal deviations from additive main effects displayed in AMMI biplot as well as response plot, were identified as possessing stable pathogenicity across 16 host genotypes. The largest group of 27 isolates with low virulence, small IPCA-1 as well as IPCA-2 scores, low $D_i$ values and minimal deviations from additive main effect predictions, possessed stable pathogenicity for low virulence. The AMMI analysis and biplot display facilitated in a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, adaptability of pathogen isolates to specific host genotypes, identification of isolates showing stable pathogenicity and most discriminating host genotypes, which could be useful in location specific breeding programs aiming at deployment of resistant host genotypes in bacterial blight disease control strategies.

Preparation and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Soy Protein Isolate-Fatty Acid Blends

Nayak, P.,Sasmal, A.,Nanda, P. K.,Nayak, P. L.,Kim, J.,Chang, Y. W. Taylor Francis 2008 Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials Vol.47 No.5

Contactless Stimulation of Multiple Piezoelectric Devices Using Electric Field

Tanaya Nayak,Biswaranjan Swain,Praveen P. Nayak,Satyanarayan Bhuyan 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.3

The contactless energy transmission scheme using parallel-plate capacitor like structure has been explored which provides a platform for energization of multiple piezoelectric (piezo) components. In the proposed method, ac electric fi eld lines produced by copper electrodes penetrate to the piezo components that are coaxially aligned and positioned in-between at certain distance away from each electrode. Consequently, the components are strongly excited at a point where the functioning electric field source frequency alike with the mechanical resonant frequency of the piezo components. The maximum output power corresponding to optimum load and resonant frequency acquired from the contactless energized multi piezo devices is better than that of power obtained from contactless energized single piezo component by this parallel-plate capacitor electric field generator. The testing results reveal the practicability of non contact stimulation/excitation of multi piezo components simultaneously through electric fi eld.

Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of Host-Pathogen Relationship in Rice-Bacterial Blight Pathosystem

D. Nayak,L. K. Bose,S. Singh,P. Nayak 한국식물병리학회 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.3

Host-pathogen interaction in rice bacterial blight pathosystem was analyzed for a better understanding of their relationship and recognition of stable pathogenicity among the populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total number of 52 bacterial strains isolated from diseased leaf samples collected from 12 rice growing states and one Union Territory of India, were inoculated on 16 rice varieties, each possessing known genes for resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that the host genotypes (G) accounted for largest (78.4%) proportion of the total sum of squares (SS), followed by 16.5% due to the pathogen isolates (I) and 5.1% due to the I x G interactions. Application of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model revealed that the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCA) accounted for 66.8% and 21.5% of the interaction SS, respectively. The biplot generated using the isolate and genotypic scores of the first two IPCAs revealed groups of host genotypes and pathogen isolates falling into four sectors. A group of five isolates with high virulence, high absolute IPCA-1 scores, moderate IPCA-2 scores, low AMMI stability index ‘Di’ values and minimal deviations from additive main effects displayed in AMMI biplot as well as response plot, were identified as possessing stable pathogenicity across 16 host genotypes. The largest group of 27 isolates with low virulence, small IPCA-1 as well as IPCA- 2 scores, low Di values and minimal deviations from additive main effect predictions, possessed stable pathogenicity for low virulence. The AMMI analysis and biplot display facilitated in a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, adaptability of pathogen isolates to specific host genotypes, identification of isolates showing stable pathogenicity and most discriminating host genotypes, which could be useful in location specific breeding programs aiming at deployment of resistant host genotypes in bacterial blight disease control strategies.

Influence of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of a VCR engine using Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and diesel blends

Swarup Kumar Nayak,Santosh Kumar Nayak,Purna Chandra Mishra,Srinibas Tripathy 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.9

The standard configuration parameters of a Variable compression ratio (VCR) engine neglect to give specific execution with biodieselfrom distinctive origins. Alongside, a bunch of exploration of diversified biodiesel over performance and emission analysis, extremelyconstrained work has been taken out on combustion analysis with VCR. This survey was performed to identify the impact of compressionratio on the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester (COME) and itsblends with diesel. Experiments were conducted at a fixed speed of 1500 RPM, full load and at different compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1and 18:1. Results, revealed that combustion duration of Calophyllum inophyllum oil was more, while the ignition delay period was shorterthan that of diesel.

Altering the Cyclization Modes: Temperature-Dependent Intramolecular 7-<i>Endo-Dig</i> vs 6-<i>Endo-Dig</i> Electrophilic Ring Closures

Nayak, Maloy,Kang, Young Kee,Kim, Ikyon American Chemical Society 2017 Organic letters Vol.19 No.6

<P>In an attempt to construct 10-acyl-5H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepines-via acid-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne carbonyl metathesis, two distinctive modes of cyclization were revealed to depend on the reaction temperatures. 5H-Benzo [e]pyrrolo [1,2-a] azepine-1-carb aldehydes with a substituent at the C11 position were obtained as major products at 90 degrees C as a result of intramolecular 7-endo-dig 40 degrees C cyclization, while 6-endo-dig ring closure by electrophilic addition of nitrogen of the pyrrole to a vinyl cation generated under acidic medium followed by an unprecedented domino rearrangement process was observed at 40 degrees C in some cases, resulting in 5-aryl-11H-benzo[d]pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine-1-carbaldehydes along with the former products.</P>

Graphene for Controlled and Accelerated Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Nayak, Tapas R.,Andersen, Henrik,Makam, Venkata S.,Khaw, Clement,Bae, Sukang,Xu, Xiangfan,Ee, Pui-Lai R.,Ahn, Jong-Hyun,Hong, Byung Hee,Pastorin, Giorgia,Ö,zyilmaz, Barbaros American Chemical Society 2011 ACS NANO Vol.5 No.6

<P>Current tissue engineering approaches combine different scaffold materials with living cells to provide biological substitutes that can repair and eventually improve tissue functions. Both natural and synthetic materials have been fabricated for transplantation of stem cells and their specific differentiation into muscles, bones, and cartilages. One of the key objectives for bone regeneration therapy to be successful is to direct stem cells’ proliferation and to accelerate their differentiation in a controlled manner through the use of growth factors and osteogenic inducers. Here we show that graphene provides a promising biocompatible scaffold that does not hamper the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and accelerates their specific differentiation into bone cells. The differentiation rate is comparable to the one achieved with common growth factors, demonstrating graphene’s potential for stem cell research.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2011/ancac3.2011.5.issue-6/nn200500h/production/images/medium/nn-2011-00500h_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn200500h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>