Development of Ganglioside Probes for Live Imaging of Lipid Rafts

Naoko Komura,Hiromune Ando,Kenichi Suzuki,Rahul Chadda,Yasuhiro Ikeda,Hideharu Ishida,Akihiro Kusumi,Makoto Kiso 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Lipid rafts have been assumed to work as a platform where protein receptors, cholesterols and gangliosides (representatively GM3 and GM1) assemble and interact for efficient signal transduction. According to the observation of these raft molecules by single molecule tracking technique, raft components were frequently but very transiently recruited to the cluster of GPI-anchored proteins formed upon binding of extracellular signaling molecules [1]. However, behaviors and functions of gangliosides in living cell membranes have never been extensively investigated because of the lack of their fluorescent probes that behave as equivalents of native gangliosides. To address this issue, we intend to develope novel fluorescent GM3 and GM1 probes for single molecule tracking, in which glycan parts are site-specifically labeled with various fluorescent dyes and evaluate the functionality of the fluorescent gangliosides. We designed the replacement of the C9 hydroxyl groups of sialic acid of GM3 and GM1 with amino groups to introduce fluorescent dyes. The synthesis of glycan parts of GM3 and GM1 were successfully achieved by using a Neu-Gal unit having a trifluoroacetamide at the C9 position. Next, the glycan parts were glycosidated with the Glc-Cer acceptor developed by our research group [2], yielding the skeletons of GM3 and GM1, respectively, which was followed by the conversion of trifluoroacetamide groups into amino groups. Finally the amino GM3 and GM1 were conjugated with fluorescent dyes through amide linkages, producing the targeted fluorescent gangliosides GM3 and GM1. The synthesized gangliosides were subjected to biophysical evaluations; DRM analysis and single molecule observation of colocalization with raft molecules (GPI-anchored protein, CD59 and epidermal growth factor receptor). Results obtained in these evaluations demonstrated great influence of the loaded position and polarity of fluorescent dye on the raftphilicity of gangliosides. Furthermore, the Kd value of the fluorescent GM1 probe for cholera toxin B subunit (CTXB) was comparable to that of native GM1, indicating that dye did not interfere the binding to CTXB. These results strongly suggest that the fluorescent gangliosides can be used to identify behaviors and functions of gangliosides in raft domains.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer Transition Induced by Isolated Cylindrical Roughness Elements

Takahiro Ishida,Keisuke Ohira,Rio Hosoi,Naoko Tokugawa,Takahiro Tsukahara 한국항공우주학회 2022 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.23 No.4

Extensive research to establish an index of roughness that causes abrupt turbulent transition downstream of the roughness and affect natural laminar flow is performed. This study investigates turbulent transitions dominated by the roughness-induced crossflow instability on a swept wing and a swept flat plate. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed considering the swept wing to determine the critical roughness height that induces abrupt turbulent transition. Compared to its no-roughness counterpart, the roughness increases both the pressure drag and skin-friction drag and decreases the lift owing to the onset of upstream turbulence. The wind tunnel tests are performed considering a swept flat-plate boundary-layer model. The development of turbulent regions due to the roughness is investigated. The results reveal the occurrence of a laminar-to-turbulent transition and relaminarization, along the boundary between laminar and localized turbulent regions. Moreover, the DNS results reveal the generation of traveling crossflow vortices from the localized turbulent region.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of the mimics of cis ligand for CD22

Yuki Sugamuna,Naoko Matsubara,Yuki Iwayama,Akiharu Ueki,Akihiro Imamura,Hiromune Ando,Takeshi Tsubata,Hideharu Ishida,Makoto Kiso 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

CD22 (siglec-2) is an accessory molecule of the B-cell receptor complex (BCR) that exertsnegative effects on receptor signaling. It is also well-documented that CD22 is a regulatoryprotein that sets a threshold for immune responses. The carbohydrate ligand recognized byCD22 is the sequence Neuα(2,6)Galβ(1,4)GlcNAc found on both neighboringglycoconjugate of the same cell (cis ligand) and on other cells that interact with B cells (transligands). Recently, we have reported that the C-9 amido derivative of sialic acid (GSC718;9-(4’-hydroxy-4-biphenyl)acetamido-9-deoxy-Neu5Gc-OBn) show a potent affinity andselectivity for CD22 than other siglecs such as MAG [1]. Moreover, the compoundpromoted the proliferation of B cells in vitro. As next step of our investigation, we intend toreinforce the promoting activity of GSC718 for B cell growth by chemical modification.Herein, we report the efficient synthesis of GSC718 analogs which have varied aglyconmoieties. To achieve the comprehensive synthesis of GSC718 analogs having varied aglycons, wereexamined every synthetic process to obtain a fine target compound. In case of thesialoside synthesis, the most time-consuming and troublesome process is thechromatographic separation of α-sialoside from other byproducts such as β−isomer, 2,3-enederivative etc. after glycosylation reaction with aglycon part. To improve this process, weemployed 1,5-lactam formation as the key step for separation because the lactam formation isknown to proceed only in α-sialoside [2]. At the beginning of the synthesis of targetmolecules, we synthesized a suitably modified sialic acid donor in good yields. Then, thesialyl donor was reacted with various 2-substituted-ethanols to give the mixtures of α- and β-glycosides and 2,3-ene derivative, which were subsequently advanced to 1,5-lactamformation. As we anticipated, 1,5-lactamized α-sialosides became isolable from themixtures due to its different polarity from the other byproducts. Finally, the obtained 1,5-lactamized silaosides were successfully converted into target structures via reaction sequenceincluding C9-midification with biphenyl amide group, lactam opening and globaldeprotection. The synthesized analogs were advanced to biological assay using B cells. In this poster presentation, we will also discuss the structure-activity relationships of thesynthesized analogs. [1] H. H. M. Abdu-Allah et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011, 19, 1966-1971. [2] H. Tanaka et al, Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 4478-4481.

Synthesis of SSEA-1, SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 for developing bio-compatible-nanomaterials

Rita Pal,Naoko Komura,Akihiro Imamura,Hiromune Ando,Hideharu Ishida,Makoto Kiso 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Stage-specific embryonic antigens1 (SSEA’s) have been identified as glycosphingolipids which play diverse roles in embryonic development, such as regulation of cell growth, recognition and differentiation. It’s well-documented that human ES and iPS cell express predominantly glycosphingolipids of the globo- series2 such as SSEA-3 and SSEA-4, which are also hallmarks of human embryonal carcinoma cells. While, SSEA-1 represents a marker for murine pluripotent stem cells, in which it plays an important role in adhesion and migration of the cells in the preimplantation embryo. We are intended to integrate their biological functions into biocompatible nanomaterials for developing ES and iPS cell culturing system. To conjugate with nanomaterials these molecules have been suitably functionalized at the terminal position. In the present study, a convergent chemical synthesis of SSEA-1 SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 will be discussed.

Development of "Hanaomoi": An Original Variety of Aomori Rice Suitable for Japanese Sake Production

( Junji Ichita ),( Tomoaki Saito ),( Kazunori Ishida ),( Naoko Iwama ),( Yasuhito Muranaka ),( Taisei Mikami ) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 국제학술심포지움 쌀박람회 Vol.2003 No.-

Feasibility Investigation of Low-Volume Rinsing with Fluoride Dentifrice

Taeko Osawa,Wenqun Song,Azusa Ishiguro,Masako Nakamukai,Naoko Ishida,Hirohisa Arakawa 대한예방치과학회 2013 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.9 No.3

Objective: We conducted a survey to assess the tooth brushing habits of general consumers using dentifrice, and to confirm the feasibility of low-volume rinsing using newly developed NaF dentifrice. Methods: Thirty-six adults from Marketing Service Co., Ltd., volunteered this study. As measurement 1, subjects brushed their teeth in their accustomed manner, while investigators measured the following brushing behaviors: (1) amount of dentifrice used; (2) brushing time; (3) number of times subjects spat while brushing; and (4) volume, time, number of rinse after brushing. As measurement 2, subjects brushed their teeth according to the specified method using each of the two different dentifrices (P and Q). After brushing, subjects completed an absolute evaluation for each dentifrice, as well as a relative evaluation comparing the two dentifrices. Results: Measurement 1: Measurement items other than rinsing behaviors were judged as being almost optimal. Measurement 2: In tests of significance on the distribution of number of people who chose each response, the ratio of subjects that were not aware of residual dentifrice after rinsing and did not have an unpleasant feeling after rinsing for dentifrice P rather than dentifrice Q were 25.8% and 22.6%, respectively. Both ratios were 0 for Q, showing that these factors were less prevalent for P (p<0.01). Conclusion: The actual tooth brushing behaviors with dentifrice were largely suitable, except for rinsing habits after brushing. Our results for measurement 2 suggest that weakening the flavor of dentifrice P may be useful for achieving low-volume rinsing.