Characteristics of Anaphylaxis in 907 Chinese Patients Referred to a Tertiary Allergy Center: A Retrospective Study of 1,952 Episodes

Nannan Jiang,Jia Yin,Liping Wen,Hong Li 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.8 No.4

Purpose: Comprehensive evaluation of anaphylaxis in China is currently lacking. In this study, we characterized the clinical profiles, anaphylactic triggers, and emergency treatment in pediatric and adult patients. Methods: Outpatients diagnosed with “anaphylaxis” or “severe allergic reactions” in the Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 1,952 episodes of anaphylaxis in 907 patients were analyzed (78% were adults and 22% were children). Foods are the most common cause (77%), followed by idiopathic etiologies (15%), medications (7%) and insects (0.6%). In food-induced anaphylaxis, 62% (13/21) of anaphylaxis in infants and young children (0-3 years of age) were triggered by milk, 59% (36/61) of anaphylaxis in children (4-9 years of age) were triggered by fruits/vegetables, while wheat was the cause of anaphylaxis in 20% (56/282) of teenagers (10-17 years of age) and 42% (429/1,016) in adults (18-50 years of age). Mugwort pollen sensitization was common in patients with anaphylaxis induced by spices, fruits/vegetables, legume/peanuts, and tree nuts/seeds, with the prevalence rates of 75%, 67%, 61%, and 51%, respectively. Thirty-six percent of drug-induced anaphylaxis was attributed to traditional Chinese Medicine. For patients receiving emergency care, only 25% of patients received epinephrine. Conclusions: The present study showed that anaphylaxis appeared to occur more often in adults than in infants and children, which were in contrast to those found in other countries. In particular, wheat allergens played a prominent role in triggering food-induced anaphylaxis, followed by fruits/vegetables. Traditional Chinese medicine was a cause of drug-induced anaphylaxis. Furthermore, exercise was the most common factor aggravating anaphylaxis. Education regarding the more aggressive use of epinephrine in the emergency setting is clearly needed.

Papain Induced Occupational Asthma with Kiwi and Fig Allergy

Nannan Jiang,Jia Yin,Liping Wen 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.8 No.2

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme which is widely used in food industry, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Occupational and non-occupational papain allergies have previously been documented; however, there are limited publications about papain allergy with its relative fruit allergy. Here, we present a case of occupational, IgE-mediated papain allergy with kiwi fruit and fig fruit allergy. A 53-year-old man suffered from rhinitis for several years, with the onset of his symptoms coinciding with the time he started to work at a sausage processing plant where papain is often used as a meat tenderizer. He began to experience symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath and wheezing shortly after starting work 5 years ago. Furthermore, he experienced several episodes of oral itching, and tongue and oropharyngeal angioedema after injestion of kiwi fruit and fig fruit. The patient had a lifelong history of allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, and childhood asthma. Specific IgE was positive to kiwi fruit, papain and chymopapain (2.95 kUA/L, >100 kUA/L, and 95.0 kUA/L, respectively). Similar bands at 10-15 kDa in blotting with papain and kiwi fruit extracts were found. This patient showed a potential association between papain allergy and sensitization to kiwi fruit. We also reviewed 13 patients with papain allergy published in the literature, with 85% (11/13) of the patients sensitized through the respiratory tract, and 40% (4/11) having atopy. Further studies should focus on the determination of cross-reactive allergens between papain and its fruit relatives, and the prevalence of food allergy in patients with papain allergy should be investigated in a relatively large cohort.

An Ultra-narrow Bandwidth Filter for Daytime Wind Measurement of Direct Detection Rayleigh Lidar

Han, Fei,Liu, Hengjia,Sun, Dongsong,Han, Yuli,Zhou, Anran,Zhang, Nannan,Chu, Jiaqi,Zheng, Jun,Jiang, Shan,Wang, Yuanzu Optical Society of Korea 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.1

A Rayleigh Lidar used for wind detection works by transmitting laser pulses to the atmosphere and receiving backscattering signals from molecules. Because of the weak backscattering signals, a lidar usually uses a high sensitivity photomultiplier as detector and photon counting technology for signal collection. The capturing of returned extremely weak backscattering signals requires the lidar to work on dark background with a long time accumulation to get high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Because of the strong solar background during the day, the SNR of lidar during daytime is much lower than that during nighttime, the altitude and accuracy of detection are also restricted greatly. Therefore this article describes an ultra-narrow bandwidth filter (UNBF) that has been developed on 354.7 nm wavelength of laser. The UNBF is used for suppressing the strong solar background that degrades the performance of Rayleigh wind lidar during daytime. The optical structure of UNBF consists of an interference filter (IF), a low resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and a high resolution FPI. The parameters of each optical component of the UNBF are presented in this article. The transmission curve of the aligned UNBF is measured with a tunable laser. Contrasting the result of with-UNBF and with-IF shows that the solar background received by a Licel transient recorder decreases by 50~100 times and that the SNR with-UNBF was improved by 3 times in the altitude range (35 km to 40 km) compared to with-IF at 10:26 to 10:38 on August 29, 2018. By the SNR comparison at four different times of one day, the ratio-values are larger than 1 over the altitude range (25~50 km) in general, the results illustrate that the SNR with-UNBF is better than that with-IF for Rayleigh Lidar during daytime and they demonstrate the effective improvements of solar background restriction of UNBF.

Molecular genetic characterization of rice seed lipoxygenase 3 and assessment of its effects on seed longevity

Qizhang Long,Wenwei Zhang,Peng Wang,Wenbiao Shen,Tong Zhou,Nannan Liu,Ren Wang,Ling Jiang,Jiexue Huang,Yihua Wang,Yuqiang Liu,Jianmin Wan 한국식물학회 2013 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.56 No.4

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are enzymes involved in lipid peroxidation. Here we reported the identification, molecular and functional characterization of the gene encoding rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed LOX3 (sLOX3). Via a map-based cloning strategy we identified Os03g0700400 as the candidate gene encoding sLOX3. Further functional complementary test and biochemical characterization of the recombinant Os03g0700400 protein verified the identification. The sLOX3 gene was highly expressed in roots, moderately in embryos and very weakly in leaves, leaf sheaths and stems. Transient expression experiment (in rice protoplasts) and subsequent laser confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that the sLOX3 protein was localized into the cytosol. We next showed that overexpression of sLOX3 in a japonica sLOX3-normal rice cultivar, Wuyunjing 7 accelerated the decrease of seed germination ability when the seeds were routinely stored, which demonstrated that sLOX3 had a negative effect on seed longevity (storability). Meanwhile, an increased occurrence of embryo decay was observed in the same transgenic seeds, suggesting that sLOX3 might negatively affect seed longevity by facilitating colonization of particular seed pathogens. Our result forwarded the understanding of the effects of 9-LOX on rice seed longevity.

An Ultra-narrow Bandwidth Filter for Daytime Wind Measurement of Direct Detection Rayleigh Lidar

Fei Han,Hengjia Liu,Dongsong Sun,Yuli Han,Anran Zhou,Nannan Zhang,Jiaqi Chu,Jun Zheng,Shan Jiang,Yuanzu Wang 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.1

A Rayleigh Lidar used for wind detection works by transmitting laser pulses to the atmosphere and receiving backscattering signals from molecules. Because of the weak backscattering signals, a lidar usually uses a high sensitivity photomultiplier as detector and photon counting technology for signal collection. The capturing of returned extremely weak backscattering signals requires the lidar to work on dark background with a long time accumulation to get high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Because of the strong solar background during the day, the SNR of lidar during daytime is much lower than that during nighttime, the altitude and accuracy of detection are also restricted greatly. Therefore this article describes an ultra-narrow bandwidth filter (UNBF) that has been developed on 354.7 nm wavelength of laser. The UNBF is used for suppressing the strong solar background that degrades the performance of Rayleigh wind lidar during daytime. The optical structure of UNBF consists of an interference filter (IF), a low resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and a high resolution FPI. The parameters of each optical component of the UNBF are presented in this article. The transmission curve of the aligned UNBF is measured with a tunable laser. Contrasting the result of with-UNBF and with-IF shows that the solar background received by a Licel transient recorder decreases by 50~100 times and that the SNR with-UNBF was improved by 3 times in the altitude range (35 km to 40 km) compared to with-IF at 10:26 to 10:38 on August 29, 2018. By the SNR comparison at four different times of one day, the ratio-values are larger than 1 over the altitude range (25~50 km) in general, the results illustrate that the SNR with-UNBF is better than that with-IF for Rayleigh Lidar during daytime and they demonstrate the effective improvements of solar background restriction of UNBF.