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Nishiyama, Nobuhiro,Jang, Woo-Dong,Kataoka, Kazunori Royal Society of Chemistry 2007 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.31 No.7
<P>Recently, biomedical applications of dendrimers, three-dimensional tree-like macromolecules, have received much attention. In this paper, we introduce new biomedical applications of functional dendrimers: dendrimers encapsulating photosensitizers composed of a center dye molecule surrounded by poly(benzyl ether) dendrons with ionic peripheral groups as a new type of photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Dendrimers encapsulating porphyrin and with ionic peripheral groups (DPs) spontaneously formed polyion complex (PIC) micelles through electrostatic interactions with oppositely-charged block copolymers, and showed no self-quenching of the center dye molecule inside the micellar core due to a unique DP structure, leading to remarkable <I>in vitro</I> photocytotoxicity. The DP-incorporated micelles showed successful treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats without any sign of side effects. Thus, the DP-incorporated micelles are expected to be an innovative PS formulation for successful PDT against ophthalmic diseases. In this paper, we also review polymeric micelles incorporating phthalocyanine core dendrimers (DPc) for cancer PDT and novel light-responsive supramolecular gene carriers integrated with DPc for site-directed transfection <I>in vivo</I>.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Dendrimer having photosensitizer core was incorporated into polymeric micelles, and showed no self-quenching of the center dye inside the micellar core due to its unique structure, leading to a remarkable photodynamic effect. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b616050f'> </P>
Pour une philosophie non utilitaire du CECR en Asie du Nord-Est
( Nishiyama Jean Noriyuki ) 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2011 한국프랑스어문교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2011 No.-
Depuis la publication du CECR en 2001, on compte de plus en plus de versions en différentes langues, et non seulement en Europe, mais aussi en Asie du Nord-Est. La version japonaise a vu le jour en 2004, la coréenne en 2007, la chinoise (pour la Chine continentale) en 2008 et une autre pour Taïwan en 2007, ce qui indique une influence importante dans cette zone extra-européenne. Si je prends pour exemple l’influence du CECR au Japon, on se contente en général de calquer les niveaux communs de référence d’une seule langue comme pour l’anglais dans les curricula. Il s’agit donc d’une utilisation pragmatique et utilitaire du CECR qui ignore sa philosophie profonde. Dans cette intervention je tiens à illustrer une philosophie non utilitaire du CECR ou l’usage non utilitaire qui peut en être fait, en Asie du Nord-Est. Est-il possible d’envisager d’une manière non utilitaire un outil de travail si utile en apparence ? Pour cela, nous allons d’abord nous interroger sur les raisons pour lesquelles le CECR est considéré comme un outil utile et efficace, et dans quelle mesure il est traité comme un «standard», une norme, pour l’enseignement des langues. Ensuite nous allons confronter cette idée de standard au CECR, pour démontrer que le CECR ne coïncide pas intégralement avec cette notion. La troisième partie sera consacrée à l’illustration des caractéristiques non utilitaires du CECR, en particulier l’aspect transversal de l’enseignement des langues aussi bien que l’idée de compétence partielle.
Phase Resonance in a Centrifugal Compressor
Nishiyama, Yumeto,Suzuki, Takayuki,Yonezawa, Koichi,Tanaka, Hiroshi,Doerfler, Peter,Tsujimoto, Yoshinobu Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2011 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.4 No.3
Phase resonance in a centrifugal compressor was experimentally observed and simulated with a commercial CFD code. It was found that pressure fluctuation at the volute outlet becomes the maximum when the rotational speed of the modes caused by the rotor-stator interaction agrees with the sound velocity. A simple one-dimensional theory is presented to explain the phase resonance in turbomachinery.
Nishiyama, N.,Nakagishi, Y.,Morimoto, Y.,Lai, P.S.,Miyazaki, K.,Urano, K.,Horie, S.,Kumagai, M.,Fukushima, S.,Cheng, Y.,Jang, W.D.,Kikuchi, M.,Kataoka, K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.133 No.3
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for the localized treatment of solid tumors. In order to enhance the efficacy of PDT, we have recently developed a novel class of photosensitizer formulation, i.e., the dendrimer phthalocyanine (DPc)-encapsulated polymeric micelle (DPc/m). The DPc/m induced efficient and unprecedentedly rapid cell death accompanied by characteristic morphological changes such as blebbing of cell membranes, when the cells were photoirradiated using a low power halogen lamp or a high power diode laser. The fluorescent microscopic observation using organelle-specific dyes demonstrated that DPc/m might accumulate in the endo-/lysosomes; however, upon photoirradiation, DPc/m might be promptly released into the cytoplasm and photodamage the mitochondria, which may account for the enhanced photocytotoxicity of DPc/m. This study also demonstrated that DPc/m showed significantly higher in vivo PDT efficacy than clinically used Photofrin<SUP>(</SUP>R) (polyhematoporphyrin esters, PHE) in mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Furthermore, the DPc/m-treated mice did not show skin phototoxiciy, which was apparently observed for the PHE-treated mice, under the tested conditions. These results strongly suggest the usefulness of DPc/m in clinical PDT.