Tri-ramification of left external carotid artery associated with anatomical variation of its branches and aneurysm formation

Punnapa Raviteja,Mrudula Chandrupatla,Rohini Motwani 대한해부학회 2024 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.57 No.2

Essential sources of arterial vascularisation in the head and neck region are the left and right common carotid arteries (CCA) and their branches. The left CCA (LCCA) originates from the arch of the aorta and the right CCA originates from the brachiocephalic trunk. In this case report, there was a bilateral higher division of CCA at the plane of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone, unilateral tri-ramification of the LCCA and the left external carotid artery (LECA), and the origin of the linguo-facial trunk and the pharyngo-occipital trunk from the LECA. An aneurysm formed in the distal part of LECA before its termination. In this case, we propose a novel categorization called the punnapatla classification for the anatomical variance branching forms of ECA. These kinds of variations are important to the surgeons, and anaesthetists, during the surgeries of the head and neck.

Anatomical variation of quadratus plantae in relation with flexor digitorum brevis

Punnapa Raviteja,Mrudula Chandrupatla,Ramoju Harshitha,Marni Sameer Chowdary 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.4

The muscles of the sole have been traditionally categorized into four layers, but it is more practical to divide them into peripheral and central groups. The peripheral groups include medial and lateral groups. The central plantar muscles are more numerous and divided into superficial and deep layers. During routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad, variations are been observed in the plantar intrinsic muscle in the left foot & right foot of a 53-year-old male cadaver. This is the first cadaveric report of a combination of discrepancies especially the inter-tendinous connection between quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum brevis. Similar observations in the literature were not found by us. It is important to identify and study these dissimilarities of muscles of the sole for surgeons, anatomists, radiologists and orthopaedics as these muscles and tendons are used in foot reconstructive procedures, and for the treatment of some congenital anomalies.

Anatomy acts concerning body and organ donations across the globe: past, present and future with a special emphasis on the indian scenario

Surraj Susai,Mrudula Chandrupatla,Rohini Motwani 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

From the era of pre-historic times, the ancient Indians and the Greeks highlighted the importance of body andorgan donations thereby emphasizing the need for anatomical sciences in medicine through the use of effective dissections for the same. However, after the Renaissance, there was a surge in dissections throughout the world, particularly in Europe, as a result of which various laws were enacted by governments concerning the procurement of bodies for the purpose of scientific dissections, which were later promulgated throughout the world through various anatomical acts. The situation in India was quite similar to that of Britain until its independence in 1947, after which different Indian states formulated their own anatomy acts that had their own merits and pitfalls. Hence, this literature review serves to highlight the various acts throughout history and would serve as a guide to emphasize the future perspectives of formulating a centralized unified anatomy act for the Indian nation that could possibly be the need of the hour.

An accessory muscle of flexor digitorum profundus with bipennate first lumbrical: a unique variation of clinical significance

Rohini Motwani,Ariyanachi Kaliappan,Mrudula Chandrupatla 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

During the deep dissection of the front of the forearm, an anomalous accessory muscle in relation to the flexordigitorum profundus (FDP) muscle was observed in the right forearm. The accessory muscle consisted of a spindle-shaped muscle belly with a long tendon underneath the flexor pollicis longus muscle. When followed distally, the accessory muscle tendon was found lateral to the FDP tendon for the index finger and entered the palm deep to the flexor retinaculum. In the palm, we encountered the first lumbrical muscle as a bipennate muscle taking origin from the adjacent sides of the middle of the tendons of FDP and accessory muscle tendon. After giving origin to first lumbrical muscle, the accessory muscle got merged with the tendon of FDP for index finger. Understanding this kind of variation is required for radiologists and hand surgeons for diagnostic purposes and while performing corrective surgical procedures.

Student Team Achievement Division as a tool for peer assisted co-operative learning in neuroanatomy

Rohini Motwani,Ariyanachi Kaliappan,Mrudula Chandrupatla 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.4

Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) is a co-operative learning approach premised on a group learning activity that emphazises learning as a social exchange of knowledge between students, in which each student is accountable for his or her own learning and is also encouraged to assist others in achieving their goals. It promotes the cognitive,psychomotor, and emotional growth of students involved in the team. By random sequencing, 60 participants were allocated to interventional group (n=30) and control group (n=30). The participants of the interventional group were subjected to STAD strategy and participants of the control group were instructed to do a conventional self learning on the ventricles of brain. The outcomes were statistically analysed. It was found that the performance of the students is far better with STAD approach than conventional self learning. Our study has shown that Students team Achievement Division can be used as an effective tool for Peer assisted Co-operative Learning in Anatomy. Further studies can be done to investigate the contribution of STAD to teaching other disciplines of Anatomy and other basic medical sciences.

Azygos anterior cerebral artery associated with hypoplastic A1 fragment of right anterior cerebral artery

Omkar Patnaik,Preeti Shahane,Mrudula Chandrupatla,Punnapa Raviteja 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.4

Anterior cerebral arteries are paired and supply the major portion of the medial surface of the brain. They arebranches of the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery and form the anterior portion of the circle of Willis (CW)which is situated in the interpeduncular fossa. During routine dissection in the department of anatomy, All India Instituteof Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, a rare variation had been observed in the CW, azygos anterior cerebral arteryassociated with hypoplastic A1 fragment of the right anterior cerebral artery in a 63-year-old female cadaver. It is importantto identify and study this kind of rare variation for surgeons, anatomists, and radiologists during dissection, surgical,radiological, and diagnostic interventions.

Variant pectoralis minor muscle: a case study with clinical relevance

Rohini Motwani,Ariyanachi Kaliappan,Mrudula Chandrupatla 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.4

The pectoralis minor (PMn) muscle originates from the third, fourth, and fifth ribs near the costochondral junctionusually and gets inserted on the medial margin and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. To look at the morphological insertion patterns and sites of attachment of the PMn muscle in the donated cadavers. Over all 19 limbs were included in the study (9 right and 10 left). Out of 19 limbs, 10 belonged to female and 9 belonged to male cadavers. The cadavers were meticulously dissected to determine the morphological insertion types and location of the attachment of the muscle. Unusual pattern of insertion was observed in 6 limbs (31.6%) out of total 19 limbs included in the study. The variations we observed does not fall completely in the classification by Le Double, hence variations we observed can be considered as new and rare variant which to our knowledge is not reported in literature. We propose this new variant to be type 4 of Le Double classification. The potential of ectopic PMn tendon should be taken into consideration and tested out, especially in patients with shoulder discomfort and stiffening who have ruled out the more frequent diseases. For proper surgical planning, a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or USG examination of the shoulder joint is required considering the prevalence of variation in the insertion pattern of PMn muscle. Preoperative identification of any abnormal PMn insertion can help to reduce the risk of iatrogenic tendon injury and post-operative problems.

An anomalous pseudoganglion associated with high division of sciatic nerve

Alka Vithalrao Bhingardeo,Ayush Amlan,Mrudula Chandrupatla,Shailaja Prabhala,Shrinivas Somalwar 대한해부학회 2024 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.57 No.2

Sciatic nerve (SN) is the thickest and longest nerve of the body. Deviations from the normal anatomical origin and level of bifurcation of SN have been frequently reported. In the present case, we are presenting a unique scenario of origin of terminal branches of the SN-tibial nerve (TN) and common peroneal nerve (CPN) in the pelvic region itself from divisions arising directly from the lumbosacral plexus. This variation was associated with origin of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve from the superior division of CPN with anomalous communicating branches between pudendal nerve and TN. The unique characteristics of the present case are the presence of ‘pseudoganglion’ found on the inferior division of TN. The present case stands out as the first of its kind to mention such pseudoganglion. Knowledge of some unusual findings like presence of pseudoganglion and intercommunications between nerves have clinical implications in anesthesiology, neurology, sports medicine, and surgery.