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Kristina J. Cook,Ann Coulter,Michael Keenan,Frank Greenway,Jack N. Losso 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.1
The beneficial effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) and sodium propionate (NaP) on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes and production of proinflammatory cytokines related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated using HepG2 human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to palmitate/oleate or lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a model. The results showed that NaP or NaB was able to promote FAO, regulate lipolysis, and reduce reactive oxygen species production by significantly increasing the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 alpha (CPT1α), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in HepG2 cells. Together, NaP and NaB may produce greater effects by increasing CPT1α, PPARα, and UCP2 mRNA expression in LPS-treated HepG2 cells and by increasing CPT1α and ATGL mRNA expression in palmitate-/oleate-treated HepG2 cells. Only NaP treatment significantly increased FGF21 mRNA expression in palmitate-/oleate-treated HepG2 cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that only pretreatment with LPSs and not palmitate/oleate significantly increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in HepG2 cells. NaP alone or in combination with NaB significantly decreased TNF-α expression in LPS-induced HepG2 cells. The expression of interleukin-8 in both models showed no significant differences in all treatments. NaP and NaB show potential for in vivo studies on NAFLD.
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Frank Greenway,Carol E. O'Neil,Laura Stewart,Jennifer Rood,Michael Keenan,Roy Martin 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.4
Fermentable dietary fiber has been shown to cause fat loss and to increase peptide-YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels in rodents. In single meal tests, humans have an increase in PYY and GLP-1 to dietary fiber,but the response of these hormones to longer-term treatment is not known. Viscofiber?? (Cevena Bioproducts Inc., Edmonton,AB, Canada) is a high-viscosity fermentable dietary fiber made by a proprietary process from oats and barley. Seven healthyoverweight and obese subjects were treated with a calorie-restricted diet, a lifestyle change program, and 4 g of Viscofiber/dayfor 16 weeks. Hunger, satiety, PYY, and GLP-1 were measured before and 1 hour after a standard meal test before and atweek 14 of the study. Hunger and satiety were measured by Visual Analog Scales. PYY and GLP-1 were measured by ra-dioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Weight was reduced 3.07. 3.13 kg (P. .05) overthe 16 weeks. Fasting PYY increased 8.67. 6.62 pg/mL (P. .05) and fasting GLP-1 increased 2.67. 0.84 pmol/L (P..01) at 14 weeks compared to baseline. Satiety increased 1.78. 1.43 cm (P. .01) at the 1-hour post-meal time point onweek 14 compared to the study baseline. We conclude that 14 weeks of treatment with Viscofiber at 4 g/day along with alifestyle change program and diet causes weight loss and increases fasting PYY, fasting GLP-1, and satiety at 1 hour fol-lowing a standard meal, which extends the single meal test observations in humans.
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